Chandaka, Chamdaka: 9 definitions
Introduction:
Chandaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
Alternative spellings of this word include Chhandaka.
Ambiguity: Although Chandaka has separate glossary definitions below, it also represents an alternative spelling of the word Candaka. It further has the optional forms Chaṇḍaka.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexChandaka (छन्दक).—A kind of temple with a number of towers.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 269. 32 and 49.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
In Buddhism
Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra1) Chaṇḍaka (छण्डक) refers to a “guide”, according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 3).—Accordingly, “The Buddha said to Ānanda: ‘[...] Henceforth the Pratimokṣasūtra will be your great teacher (mahācārya). You should carry out bodily activities (kāyakarman) and vocal actions (vākkarman) according to the instructions of the Pratimokṣasūtra.—After my nirvāṇa, your guide (chaṇḍaka), O Bhikṣu, will be the punishment according to the rule of Brahmā (brahmadaṇḍa).—If someone is in a state of mind of panic (abhihatacitta), he should be taught the Saṃthakātyāyanasūtra; then he will be able to obtain the Path. [...]’.”.
2) Chandaka (छन्दक) is the name of an “assistant” (upasthāyaka) of Buddha Śākyamuni, according to the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra chapter XLI. When the Buddha Śākyamuni had not yet gone forth, he had Chandaka as assistant (upasthāyaka) and Kāludāyin as playmate; his wives Gopiyā, Yaśodharā, etc., were his close entourage.
Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryChandaka (छन्दक).—
1) An epithet of Vāsudeva.
2) A protector.
Derivable forms: chandakaḥ (छन्दकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit DictionaryChandaka (छन्दक).—(1) nt. (= Pali id.; from chanda plus ka; see also chanda-yācaka), ‘free-will offering’, general collection of alms for the community of monks, made by going the rounds of the town and inviting subscriptions from all citizens (Avadāna-śataka ii.39.4 ff. describes this); chandakāni Avadāna-śataka i.269.9; otherwise only chandaka-bhikṣaṇa (nt.) in same meaning, Mūla-Sarvāstivāda-Vinaya i.61.19; ii.77.15; Avadāna-śataka i.257.8, 11; 313.9; 314.2, 4; 317.16; ii.39.4 ff.; in i.264.2 (see Speyer's Index) read chandaka-(ed. chandana)-bhikṣaṇa (ms. and ed. bhikṣa; but the missing -ṇa is read in line 7 below); (2) in Avadāna-śataka ii.55.3…indriyair avikalatvasya kuśaladharma- chandakasya āścaryādbhuto loke prādurbhāvaḥ, Speyer, Index, renders -chandaka by gathering (of merit); but compare Pali dhamma-chanda, desire for the Law, opp. to kāma- chanda, desire for lusts; this is certainly the word involved; either chandaka = chanda (ka svārthe), or, perhaps better, read -chandatvasya, which matches the preceding series of nouns in -tva-sya, the appearance in the world of a state of desiring meritorious (or, felicitous) dharma (Law, or states of being ?) is a prodigious marvel; (3) in Mahāvyutpatti 2225 text tīvreṇa chandakaḥ, presumably adj., desiring (vehe- mently); but v.l. chandena, and so Mironov without v.l. (also Index of Kyoto ed. lists this reference under chanda, not under chandaka); this is probably the true reading: with vehement desire (chanda); (4) name of the Bodhisattva's charioteer (in Pali Channa; here rarely Chanda, q.v.); sometimes even when the meter seems to demand Chanda, Chandaka is written, as in Mahāvastu i.154.9; this is the regular form in prose and verse; Mahāvastu i.154.5 (prose), 6, 9; 155.14; ii.25.12 (prose); 114.5 (prose); 159.12 ff.; 189.1 ff.; iii.91.7; 262.8; Lalitavistara 94.13; 95.10; 123.8; 210.3 ff.; 228.17 ff.; 237.18; Divyāvadāna 391.22; sent with Kālodāyin by Śuddhodana as messenger to Buddha after his enlightenment, Mahāvastu ii.233. 11 ff.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryChandaka (छन्दक).—[adjective] charming, winning.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Chandaka (छन्दक):—[from chad] a mfn. ifc. ‘charming’ See sarva-
2) [v.s. ...] m. Name of Śākya-muni’s charioteer, [Divyāvadāna xxvii, 158; Lalita-vistara]
3) [from chanda] b 1. & 2.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusChaṃdaka (ಛಂದಕ):—
1) [noun] = ಛಂದ [chamda]2 - 1;2) [noun] Viṣṇu, the protector of the universe.
3) [noun] a person or thing that protects; guardian; a protector.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Chandakali, Chandakanivartana, Chandakapatana, Chandakapushpa, Chandakara, Chandakaushika.
Ends with: Krakucchandaka, Mundachandaka, Piccamdaka, Pichandaka, Praticchandaka, Pucchandaka, Sarvacchandaka, Shatkarakapraticchandaka, Shatkarakapratichandaka, Svacchandaka, Valabhicchandaka, Vicchandaka.
Full-text (+10): Chandakanivartana, Chanda, Chandakapatana, Chandayacaka, Chhandak, Upasthapaka, Kaludayin, Brahmadanda, Saudamani, Supratishthita, Anuttaramarga, Veshya, Abhihata, Mahacarya, Abhihatacitta, Antahpura, Prasada, Gitaka, Devaduta, Kalodayin.
Relevant text
Search found 16 books and stories containing Chandaka, Chamdaka, Chaṇḍaka, Chaṃdaka; (plurals include: Chandakas, Chamdakas, Chaṇḍakas, Chaṃdakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Buddhist records of the Western world (Xuanzang) (by Samuel Beal)
Chapter 3 - Country of Lan-mo (Ramagrama) < [Book VI - Four Countries]
Chapter 1 - Country of Mo-kie-t’o (Magadha), part 1 < [Book VIII and IX]
The Fo-Sho-Hing-Tsan-King (A Life of Buddha) (by Samuel Beal)
Appendix I - Comparative List of the Buddhacarita
Appendix II - The thirty-two miraculous signs
Varga 19. Interview Between Father and Son < [Kiouen IV]
Buddhacarita (by Charles Willemen)
Chapter VI - Chandaka’s Return < [Fascicle Two]
Chapter VIII - The Whole Palace in Grief < [Fascicle Two]
Chapter V - Leaving the City < [Fascicle One]
The Mahavastu (great story) (by J. J. Jones)
Chapter XXI - Jātaka of Śiriprabha (the deer) < [Volume II]
Chapter XVI - The great renunciation again < [Volume II]
Chapter XVII - The tenth Bhūmi < [Volume I]
Amaravati Art in the Context of Andhra Archaeology (by Sreyashi Ray chowdhuri)
Making of a Monk and practice of Austerities < [Chapter 3 - Amarāvatī and the Formative Stage of the Buddhist Art]
A Record of Buddhistic Kingdoms (by Fa-Hien)