Jainism and Patanjali Yoga (Comparative Study)
by Deepak bagadia | 2016 | 109,819 words
This page relates ‘Modern Philosophy: Indian and Western’ of the study dealing with the Spiritual Practices of Jainism and Patanjali Yoga in the context of ancient Indian Philosophy (in Sanskrit: Darshana), including extracts from the Yogasutra and the Tattvartha-Sutra. The system of Yoga offers techniques which are scientifically designed for the spiritual development of an individual. Jainism offers ethicical principles and meditation practices to assist with spiritual development.
Part 9 - Modern Philosophy: Indian and Western
Modern Indian Philosophy was developed during British occupation (1750–1947)[1]. The philosophers in this era gave contemporary meaning to traditional Philosophy. Some of them were Swami Vivekananda, Rabindranath Tagore, Sri Aurobindo, Swami Sahajanand Saraswati, Mahatma Gandhi, Ananda Coomaraswamy, BalGangadhar Tilak, Ramana Maharshi and Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan.
Among contemporary Indian philosophers, Osho and J.Krishnamurti developed their own schools of thought. Sri Pandurang Shastri Athavale, U.G.Krishnamurti and Krishnananda are other prominent names in contemporary Indian Philosophy.
Modern Philosophy in Western world is divided into two major groups: rationalists and empiricists. Rationalists argued that all knowledge must begin from certain in-nate ideas in the mind. Contradictory to this, Empiricists believed that knowledge must begin with sensory experiences. The modern quest for the new reliable founda-tions manifests itself in the form of an old ontological striving -to find the first and universal principles that ground and define everything else in the totality of the world. However, instead of searching for the first principles of being(s), modern phi-losophers are looking for the first principles of human knowledge. This epistemolog-ical turn away from the ancient realist ontology of nature was performed in a ground breaking manner by Rene Descartes in his Meditations on First Philosophy (1641).
A more decisive and elaborate transformation of ancient Metaphysics (i.e., First Phi-losophy) into a science of a priori principles of human knowledge was subsequently carried out by Immanuel Kant in his “Critique of Pure Reason”[2] (1781).
Footnotes and references:
[1]:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian_philosophy (Retrieved on 20.08.2014)
[2]:
http://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Critique_of_Pure_Reason (Retrieved on 20.08.2014)