Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.525-527
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.525-527:
भुज्यते ब्राह्मणेनेव तुल्यं भुक्तं द्विजातिना ।
पश्यति ब्राह्मणमिव तुल्यं विप्रेण पश्यति ॥ ५२५ ॥
ब्राह्मणेनेव विज्ञातं तुल्यं ज्ञातं द्विजातिना ।
दीयतां ब्राह्मणायेव तुल्यं विप्रेण दीयताम् ॥ ५२६ ॥
ब्राह्मणादिव वैश्यात् त्वमधीष्वाध्ययनं बहु ।
इत्येवमादिभिर्भेदस्तृतीयाया न कश्चन ॥ ५२७ ॥brāhmaṇādiva vaiśyāt tvamadhīṣvādhyayanaṃ bahu |
ityevamādibhirbhedastṛtīyāyā na kaścana || 527 ||
brāhmaṇeneva vijñātaṃ tulyaṃ jñātaṃ dvijātinā |
dīyatāṃ brāhmaṇāyeva tulyaṃ vipreṇa dīyatām || 526 ||
bhujyate brāhmaṇeneva tulyaṃ bhuktaṃ dvijātinā |
paśyati brāhmaṇamiva tulyaṃ vipreṇa paśyati || 525 ||525. Bhojyate brāhmaṇa iva is equal to brāhmaṇena (dvijātinā) tulyam bhuktam; paśyati brāhmaṇam iva is equal to tulyaṃ vipreṇa paśyati.
526. brāhmaṇeneva vijñātam is equal to tulyaṃ jñātam dvijātinā; dīyatām brāhmaṇāyeva is equal to tulyaṃ vipreṇa dīyatām.
527. brāhmaṇād iva vaiśyāt tvam adhīṣvādhyayanaṃ bahu is equal to (vipreṇa tulyaṃ vaiśyāt tvam adhīṣvādhyayanaṃ bahu. In such examples, the third case-ending is not different from the other case-endings.
Commentary
[The third case-ending is taught optionally in the sense of a śeṣa relation in P. 2.3.72. in association with words expressive of similarity. We can say tulyo devadattena or tulyo devadattasya. In association with the word iva, all the case-endings can be used in the sense of the different accessories (sādhanas). As the relation coming under śeṣa is the result of a previous sādhana relation, the third case-affix indirectly refers to all the sādhana relations. Thus there is no essential difference between the two kinds of usage. How what is conveyed by the third case-affix can be conveyed by the other case-endings in association with the word iva is seen in the three stanzas translated above. Examples of the sixth and seventh case-affixes are: brāhmaṇasyeva vaiśyasya dhanam etad upasthitam is equal to vipreṇa tulyaṃ vaiśyasya dhanam dad upasthitam: guṇā vipra ivātraite kṣattriye bahavaḥ sthitāḥ is equal to vipreṇa tulyaṃ tiṣṭhanti kṣattriye bahavo guṇāḥ.]
A difficulty is here pointed out.