Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.7.48
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.48:
प्रकृतेस्तु विवक्षायां विकार्यम् कैश्चिदन्यथा ।
निर्वर्त्यं च विकार्यं च कर्म शास्त्रे प्रदर्शितम् ॥ ४८ ॥prakṛtestu vivakṣāyāṃ vikāryam kaiścidanyathā |
nirvartyaṃ ca vikāryaṃ ca karma śāstre pradarśitam || 48 ||48. When the material cause is intended (to be so presented), the object (karma) is called modification (vikārya). Others, however, define product and modification differently in the śāstra.
Commentary
[Where the product is meant to be presented as a transformation of the original material, as identical with it, as in the sentence: mṛdaṃ ghaṭaṃ karoti, the object (karma) is called modification (vikārya). Some, however, define the nirvartya and vikārya objects differently as will be shown below.]