Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 10.95.4

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सा वसु॒ दध॑ती॒ श्वशु॑राय॒ वय॒ उषो॒ यदि॒ वष्ट्यन्ति॑गृहात् । अस्तं॑ ननक्षे॒ यस्मि॑ञ्चा॒कन्दिवा॒ नक्तं॑ श्नथि॒ता वै॑त॒सेन॑ ॥
सा वसु दधती श्वशुराय वय उषो यदि वष्ट्यन्तिगृहात् । अस्तं ननक्षे यस्मिञ्चाकन्दिवा नक्तं श्नथिता वैतसेन ॥
sā vasu dadhatī śvaśurāya vaya uṣo yadi vaṣṭy antigṛhāt | astaṃ nanakṣe yasmiñ cākan divā naktaṃ śnathitā vaitasena ||

English translation:

“(Ūrvaśi). If, Uṣas, this Ūrvaśī, offering food and wealth to her father-in-law, loves (her husband),she has gone from the neighbouring house to her husband's home, where she loved (her lord), being delightednight and day by his embraces.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Neighbouring house: antigṛha = the space in front of the house; or, the house ofdining (bhojanagṛham) of the father-in-law, who (?which, yat = yaḥ) in the vicinity of the house of dining of herhusband

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): urvaśī;
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): pururavā aiḷaḥ ;
Chandas (meter): pādanicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

सा । वसु॑ । दध॑ती । श्वशु॑राय । वयः॑ । उषः॑ । यदि॑ । वष्टि॑ । अन्ति॑ऽगृहात् । अस्त॑म् । न॒न॒क्षे॒ । यस्मि॑म् । चा॒कन् । दिवा॑ । नक्त॑म् । श्न॒थि॒ता । वै॒त॒सेन॑ ॥
सा । वसु । दधती । श्वशुराय । वयः । उषः । यदि । वष्टि । अन्तिगृहात् । अस्तम् । ननक्षे । यस्मिम् । चाकन् । दिवा । नक्तम् । श्नथिता । वैतसेन ॥
sā | vasu | dadhatī | śvaśurāya | vayaḥ | uṣaḥ | yadi | vaṣṭi | anti-gṛhāt | astam | nanakṣe | yasmim | cākan | divā | naktam | śnathitā | vaitasena

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 10.95.4 English analysis of grammar]

< tad

[noun], nominative, singular, feminine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

vasu

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“good; good; benign; vasu [word].”

dadhatī < dhā

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“put; give; cause; get; hold; make; provide; lend; wear; install; have; enter (a state); supply; hold; take; show.”

śvaśurāya < śvaśura

[noun], dative, singular, masculine

“father-in-law; śvaśura [word].”

vaya < vayaḥ < vayas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“age; vigor; old age; strength; vayas [word]; aging; power; youth; food.”

uṣo < uṣaḥ < uṣa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“dawn.”

yadi

[adverb]

“if; in case.”

vaṣṭy < vaṣṭi < vaś

[verb], singular, Present indikative

“desire; agree; call; care; like; love.”

antigṛhāt < antigṛha

[noun], ablative, singular, masculine

astaṃ < astam < asta

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“home.”

nanakṣe < nakṣ

[verb], singular, Perfect indicative

“reach; approach.”

yasmiñcākan < yasmin < yad

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

yasmiñcākan < cākan < kan

[verb], singular, Plusquamperfect

“like; delight; desire.”

divā

[adverb]

“by day; divā [indecl.].”

naktaṃ < naktam < nakta

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“night; night.”

śnathitā < śnath

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“pierce; kill.”

vaitasena < vaitasa

[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine

“penis.”

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