Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.8.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्र के॒तुना॑ बृह॒ता या॑त्य॒ग्निरा रोद॑सी वृष॒भो रो॑रवीति । दि॒वश्चि॒दन्ताँ॑ उप॒माँ उदा॑नळ॒पामु॒पस्थे॑ महि॒षो व॑वर्ध ॥
प्र केतुना बृहता यात्यग्निरा रोदसी वृषभो रोरवीति । दिवश्चिदन्ताँ उपमाँ उदानळपामुपस्थे महिषो ववर्ध ॥
pra ketunā bṛhatā yāty agnir ā rodasī vṛṣabho roravīti | divaś cid antām̐ upamām̐ ud ānaḻ apām upasthe mahiṣo vavardha ||
English translation:
“Agni traverses heaven and earth with a vast banner; he roars (like) a bull; he spreads aloft over theremote and proximate (regions) of the sky; mighty, he increases in the lap of the water.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Agni traverses: as thelightning in the firmament
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): triśirāstvāṣṭraḥ [triśirāstvāṣṭra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
प्र । के॒तुना॑ । बृ॒ह॒ता । या॒ति॒ । अ॒ग्निः । आ । रोद॑सी॒ इति॑ । वृ॒ष॒भः । रो॒र॒वी॒ति॒ । दि॒वः । चि॒त् । अन्ता॑न् । उ॒प॒ऽमान् । उत् । आ॒न॒ट् । अ॒पाम् । उ॒पऽस्थे॑ । म॒हि॒षः । व॒व॒र्ध॒ ॥
प्र । केतुना । बृहता । याति । अग्निः । आ । रोदसी इति । वृषभः । रोरवीति । दिवः । चित् । अन्तान् । उपमान् । उत् । आनट् । अपाम् । उपस्थे । महिषः । ववर्ध ॥
pra | ketunā | bṛhatā | yāti | agniḥ | ā | rodasī iti | vṛṣabhaḥ | roravīti | divaḥ | cit | antān | upa-mān | ut | ānaṭ | apām | upa-sthe | mahiṣaḥ | vavardha
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.8.1 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“towards; ahead.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“banner; ketu; sunbeam; enemy; sign; Premna spinosa Roxb.; comet; signal; signal; luminosity.”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“large; great; loud; high; much(a); exalted; abundant; intensive; strong; huge.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“go; enter (a state); travel; disappear; reach; come; campaign; elapse; arrive; drive; reach; leave; run; depart; ride.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], accusative, dual, neuter
“heaven and earth; Earth.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“bull; Vṛṣabha; Vṛṣabha; best.”
[verb], singular, Present indikative
“bellow.”
[noun], genitive, singular
“sky; Svarga; day; div [word]; heaven and earth; day; dawn.”
[adverb]
“even; indeed.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“end; last syllable; end; end; boundary; inside; border; death; anta [word]; edge; end; shore; limit; region; outskirt; destruction; boundary; limit; anta; termination; corner; conclusion; hem; end; ant; edge.”
[noun], accusative, plural, masculine
“best; topmost.”
[adverb]
“up.”
[verb], singular, Root aorist (Ind.)
“reach; achieve; enter (a state); reach.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“water; body of water; water; ap [word]; juice; jala.”
[noun], locative, singular, masculine
“genitalia; lap; sexual desire; anus.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“Old World buffalo; Mahiṣa; Mahiṣa.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“increase; grow; vṛdh; increase; succeed; strengthen; grow up; spread.”