Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 4.1.1
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वां ह्य॑ग्ने॒ सद॒मित्स॑म॒न्यवो॑ दे॒वासो॑ दे॒वम॑र॒तिं न्ये॑रि॒र इति॒ क्रत्वा॑ न्येरि॒रे । अम॑र्त्यं यजत॒ मर्त्ये॒ष्वा दे॒वमादे॑वं जनत॒ प्रचे॑तसं॒ विश्व॒मादे॑वं जनत॒ प्रचे॑तसम् ॥
त्वां ह्यग्ने सदमित्समन्यवो देवासो देवमरतिं न्येरिर इति क्रत्वा न्येरिरे । अमर्त्यं यजत मर्त्येष्वा देवमादेवं जनत प्रचेतसं विश्वमादेवं जनत प्रचेतसम् ॥
tvāṃ hy agne sadam it samanyavo devāso devam aratiṃ nyerira iti kratvā nyerire | amartyaṃ yajata martyeṣv ā devam ādevaṃ janata pracetasaṃ viśvam ādevaṃ janata pracetasam ||
English translation:
“Since the emulous gods ever excite you, Agni, who are a deity swift of motion, (to contest), therefore do (your worshippers) urge you by their devotions (to bring the deities to their sacrifices); adorable Agni, they (the deities), have genitive rated you, immortal, divine, all-wise, as the present divinity among men; they have genitive rated you as the all-present and all-wise deity.”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
The emulous gods: samanyavo devāsas tvam nyerire: samanyavaḥ = spardhamānaḥ, viewing with. In this and he next verse, there is a repetition at the end of the line of three or four preceding words; thus, adevam janata pracetasam, viśvam adevam janata pracetasam, with a slight modification of meaning in the repetition
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): vāmadevo gautamaḥ [vāmadeva gautama];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): svarāḍatiśakvarī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
त्वाम् । हि । अ॒ग्ने॒ । सद॑म् । इत् । स॒ऽम॒न्यवः॑ । दे॒वासः॑ । दे॒वम् । अ॒र॒तिम् । नि॒ऽए॒रि॒रे । इति॑ । क्रत्वा॑ । नि॒ऽए॒रि॒रे । अम॑र्त्यम् । य॒ज॒त॒ । मर्त्ये॑षु । आ । दे॒वम् । आऽदे॑वम् । ज॒न॒त॒ । प्रऽचे॑तसम् । विश्व॑म् । आऽदे॑वम् । ज॒न॒त॒ । प्रऽचे॑तसम् ॥
त्वाम् । हि । अग्ने । सदम् । इत् । समन्यवः । देवासः । देवम् । अरतिम् । निएरिरे । इति । क्रत्वा । निएरिरे । अमर्त्यम् । यजत । मर्त्येषु । आ । देवम् । आदेवम् । जनत । प्रचेतसम् । विश्वम् । आदेवम् । जनत । प्रचेतसम् ॥
tvām | hi | agne | sadam | it | sa-manyavaḥ | devāsaḥ | devam | aratim | ni-erire | iti | kratvā | ni-erire | amartyam | yajata | martyeṣu | ā | devam | ādevam | janata | pra-cetasam | viśvam | ādevam | janata | pra-cetasam
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 4.1.1 English analysis of grammar]
[noun], accusative, singular
“you.”
[adverb]
“because; indeed; for; therefore; hi [word].”
[noun], vocative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[adverb]
“always.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“consentaneous.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“charioteer.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
[adverb]
“thus; so; iti [word].”
[noun], instrumental, singular, masculine
“yajña; decision; plan; deliberation; intelligence; Kratu; will; kratu [word]; desire; resoluteness; ritual.”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“immortal.”
[verb], plural, Present imperative
“sacrifice; worship; worship.”
[noun], locative, plural, masculine
“mortal.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“intelligent; mindful; attentive; wise; apt; observant.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
[verb], singular, Imperfect
“become; originate; be born; transform; happen; result; grow; beget; produce; create; conceive; separate; cause; give birth; grow; produce; generate; be; become; arise; come on.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“intelligent; mindful; attentive; wise; apt; observant.”