Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 1.101.9

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वा॒येन्द्र॒ सोमं॑ सुषुमा सुदक्ष त्वा॒या ह॒विश्च॑कृमा ब्रह्मवाहः । अधा॑ नियुत्व॒: सग॑णो म॒रुद्भि॑र॒स्मिन्य॒ज्ञे ब॒र्हिषि॑ मादयस्व ॥
त्वायेन्द्र सोमं सुषुमा सुदक्ष त्वाया हविश्चकृमा ब्रह्मवाहः । अधा नियुत्वः सगणो मरुद्भिरस्मिन्यज्ञे बर्हिषि मादयस्व ॥
tvāyendra somaṃ suṣumā sudakṣa tvāyā haviś cakṛmā brahmavāhaḥ | adhā niyutvaḥ sagaṇo marudbhir asmin yajñe barhiṣi mādayasva ||

English translation:

“Desirous of you, Indra, who are possessed of excellent strenghth, we pour forth to you libations desirous of you, who are obtained by prayer, we offer you oblations; therefore, do you, who are possessed of horses, sit down with plural asure upon the sacred grass, attended by the Maruts, at this sacrifice.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

May Indra give us (a son), an offerer of praises, all-wise, and the subduer of foes; and (give us) also a chariot foremost in battle

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): kutsaḥ āṅgirasaḥ [kutsa āṅgirasa];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): indra:;
Chandas (meter): triṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वा॒ऽया । इ॒न्द्र॒ । सोम॑म् । सु॒सु॒म॒ । सु॒ऽद॒क्ष॒ । त्वा॒ऽया । ह॒विः । च॒कृ॒म॒ । ब्र॒ह्म॒ऽवा॒हः॒ । अध॑ । नि॒ऽयु॒त्वः॒ । सऽग॑णः । म॒रुत्ऽभिः॑ । अ॒स्मिन् । य॒ज्ञे । ब॒र्हिषि॑ । मा॒द॒य॒स्व॒ ॥
त्वाया । इन्द्र । सोमम् । सुसुम । सुदक्ष । त्वाया । हविः । चकृम । ब्रह्मवाहः । अध । नियुत्वः । सगणः । मरुत्भिः । अस्मिन् । यज्ञे । बर्हिषि । मादयस्व ॥
tvāyā | indra | somam | susuma | su-dakṣa | tvāyā | haviḥ | cakṛma | brahma-vāhaḥ | adha | ni-yutvaḥ | sa-gaṇaḥ | marut-bhiḥ | asmin | yajñe | barhiṣi | mādayasva

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 1.101.9 English analysis of grammar]

tvāyendra < tvāyā

[adverb]

tvāyendra < indra

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“Indra; leader; best; king; first; head; self; indra [word]; Indra; sapphire; fourteen; guru.”

somaṃ < somam < soma

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Soma; moon; soma [word]; Candra.”

suṣumā < suṣuma < su

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“press out; su.”

sudakṣa < su

[adverb]

“very; well; good; nicely; beautiful; su; early; quite.”

sudakṣa < dakṣa

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“deft; right; intelligent; expert.”

tvāyā

[adverb]

haviś < haviḥ < havis

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“Havya; offering; ghee; havis [word].”

cakṛmā < cakṛma < kṛ

[verb], plural, Perfect indicative

“make; perform; cause; produce; shape; construct; do; put; fill into; use; fuel; transform; bore; act; write; create; prepare; administer; dig; prepare; treat; take effect; add; trace; put on; process; treat; heed; hire; act; produce; assume; eat; ignite; chop; treat; obey; manufacture; appoint; evacuate; choose; understand; insert; happen; envelop; weigh; observe; practice; lend; bring; duplicate; plant; kṛ; concentrate; mix; knot; join; take; provide; utter; compose.”

brahmavāhaḥ < brahma < brahman

[noun], neuter

“brahman; mantra; prayer; spell; Veda; Brahmin; sacred text; final emancipation; hymn; brahman [word]; Brāhmaṇa; study.”

brahmavāhaḥ < vāhaḥ < vāhas

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

adhā < adha

[adverb]

“then; and; therefore; now.”

niyutvaḥ < niyutvas < niyutvat

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

sagaṇo < sa

[adverb]

“with; little; together.”

sagaṇo < gaṇaḥ < gaṇa

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“group; varga; troop; troop; battalion; flock; herd; gaṇa [word]; corporation; gaṇa; herd; sect; swarm; set; party; gaṇa; series; Ganesa; flight.”

marudbhir < marudbhiḥ < marut

[noun], instrumental, plural, masculine

“Marut; vāta; wind; Vayu.”

asmin < idam

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

yajñe < yajña

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”

barhiṣi < barhis

[noun], locative, singular, neuter

“Barhis; barhis [word].”

mādayasva < māday < √mad

[verb], singular, Present imperative

“delight; enjoy; intoxicate.”

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