Verse 2595-2599

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

पुंसामध्यवसायश्च योऽयमेवं प्रवर्त्तते ।
ममोपरि स्थितो भानुरिति भ्रान्तः स निश्चितः ॥ २५९५ ॥
सर्वे प्राणभृतो यस्मादेकमेव दिवाकरम् ।
पश्यन्ति यौगपद्येन न द्वितीयं कदाचन ॥ २५९६ ॥
रावं न मण्डलं यस्माद्द्वितीयादीह विद्यते ।
दृश्यादृष्टेरतश्चार्क एक एव विनिश्चितः ॥ २५९७ ॥
नत्वेवं निश्चितः शब्द एकत्वेन कथञ्चन ।
क्रमेण युगपच्चापि तन्नानात्वोपलक्षणात् ॥ २५९८ ॥
यदाहि गादिवर्णं च वक्तारो बहवः सकृत् ।
प्रयुञ्जते तदा भेदो विस्पष्टमुपलभ्यते ॥ २५९९ ॥

puṃsāmadhyavasāyaśca yo'yamevaṃ pravarttate |
mamopari sthito bhānuriti bhrāntaḥ sa niścitaḥ || 2595 ||
sarve prāṇabhṛto yasmādekameva divākaram |
paśyanti yaugapadyena na dvitīyaṃ kadācana || 2596 ||
rāvaṃ na maṇḍalaṃ yasmāddvitīyādīha vidyate |
dṛśyādṛṣṭerataścārka eka eva viniścitaḥ || 2597 ||
natvevaṃ niścitaḥ śabda ekatvena kathañcana |
krameṇa yugapaccāpi tannānātvopalakṣaṇāt || 2598 ||
yadāhi gādivarṇaṃ ca vaktāro bahavaḥ sakṛt |
prayuñjate tadā bhedo vispaṣṭamupalabhyate || 2599 ||

The idea that appears in men as to ‘the sun being over my head’ is surely wrong; because all living beings see the same sun at the same time,—and not different suns; because in reality no second solar disc exists; if it existed, it would surely be seen, and yet it is not seen; hence it is definitely concluded that only one sun exists.—As regards the word-sound, however, it has never been definitely ascertained to be one and the same; because whether appearing in succession or simultaneously it is clearly characterised by multiplicity. Even when speakers pronounce the letter ‘ga’ at one and the same time, the difference among them is clearly apprehended.—(2595-2599)

 

Kamalaśīla’s commentary (tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā):

The following has been urged in,the Bhāṣya (of Śabara):—“It might be urged that it is not possible for one and the same thing to be seen simultaneously at several places; but the foolish man who says this should look at the sun, where one and the same sun is seen in several places..... It might be that its exact position is not ascertained on account of remoteness; hence there is an illusion. The same may be said in regard to the Word-Sound also; there is no definite cognition of the exact position”. (Sū. 1. 1. 15; Translation, pp. 35-36).

The answer to this is as follows:—[see verses 2595-2599 above]:

If the second solar Disc existed, it would be perceptible; but it is never perceived; hence it follows with certainty that it is one only; hence the idea that ‘the sun is above me’ is held to be wrong.

The one-ness of the Word-Sound, however, is not recognised in this manner; by virtue of which the idea of its being present in several places might be regarded as wrong. It is only when such one-ness is established that the idea of the said presence could be wrong. But that one-ness itself has not been established.

‘Solar disc—The term ‘rāvam’ is made up of the noun ‘ravi’with the ‘aṃ’ affix.

Says the Opponent:—“The one-ness of the Word-Sound has certainly been definitely established through Recognition”.

The answer to this is—‘It has never been definitely ascertained, etc. etc.’—That is to say, the validity of Recognition as a means of Right Cognition has been already rejected.

The words ‘even when, etc. etc.’ explain that even when the appearance is simultaneous, there is multiplicity.

‘Clearly’;—because all details regarding swiftness, middling and slow, etc. etc. are clearly perceived.—(2595-2599)