The Sanskrit term Śabara can be transliterated into English as Sabara or Shabara, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Śabara (शबर).—A mleccha—low caste. The Mahābhārata has the following about Śabaras.

(i) Śabaras were born from the dung and urine of Nandinī, the cow of Vasiṣṭha. (Ādi Parva, Chapter 174, Verse 16).

(ii) When Sātyaki annihilated the Kauravas the dead bodies of thousands of Śabaras were heaped on the battle-field. (Droṇa Parva, Chapter 119, Verse 46).

(iii) In early days the Śabaras lived in the kingdom of Māndhātā, their profession being murder and looting. (Śānti Parva, Chapter 65, Verse 13).

(iv) Śiva had once taken the form of forest-dwellers and Śabaras. (Anuśāsana Parva. Chapter 65, Verse 17).

(v) Many Kṣatriyas lived for many years hidden in caves for fear of Paraśurāma, and as they had no association with kṣatriyas during the period, they became Śabaras. (Aśvamedhika Parva, Chapter 29, Verse 15).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Śabara (शबर).—An Amitābha god.^*

• * Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 36. 54.

1b) An inferior class of people;¹ on the Himālayas; their country unfit for śrāddha performance; to be conquered by Kalki;² kings of.³

• 1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa II. 7. 46; Matsya-purāṇa 114. 47; Vāyu-purāṇa 78. 69; 99. 268.
• 2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 14. 80; 22. 22; 73. 108; IV. 29. 131.
• 3) Matsya-purāṇa 50. 76.

Source: JatLand: List of Mahabharata people and places

Śabara (शबर) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.10.46, VI.46.51) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Śabara) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.

Śabara is also mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. VI.10.46, VI.46.51) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Natyashastra (theatrics and dramaturgy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Nāṭya-śāstra

Śabara (शबर) refers to one of the seven “minor dialects” (vibhāṣā) of language used in dramatic composition (nāṭya), according to Nāṭyaśāstra chapter 18.

context information

Natyashastra (नाट्यशास्त्र, nāṭyaśāstra) refers to both the ancient Indian tradition (shastra) of performing arts, (natya—theatrics, drama, dance, music), as well as the name of a Sanskrit work dealing with these subjects. It also teaches the rules for composing Dramatic plays (nataka), construction and performance of Theater, and Poetic works (kavya).

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva (shaktism)

Śābara (शाबर) or Śābaratantra refers to one of the twenty-eight Gāruḍatantras, belonging to the Śāktāgama (or Śāktatantra) division of the Āgama tradition. The Śāktāgamas represent the wisdom imparted by Devī to Īśvara and convey the idea that the worship of Śakti is the means to attain liberation. According to the Pratiṣṭhālakṣaṇasamuccaya of Vairocana, the Śāktatantras are divided into to four parts, the Śābara belonging to the Garuḍa class.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: Wisdom Library: Kavya

Śabara refers to an ancient district or cultural territory, as mentioned in the 7th-century Mudrārākṣasa written by Viśākhadeva. Śabara probably corresponds to the inhabitants of the Vindhyas.

context information

Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

Ayurveda (science of life)

Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)

Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha

Śabara (शबर) is another name for “Lodhra” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning śabara] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).

Unclassified Ayurveda definitions

Source: Advances in Zoology and Botany: Ethnomedicinal List of Plants Treating Fever in Ahmednagar District of Maharashtra, India

Sābara in the Marathi language refers to the medicinal shrub “Euphorbia neriifolia L.”, and is used for ethnomedicine treatment of Fever in Ahmednagar district, India. The parts used are: “Latex”. Instructions for using the shrub named Sābara: The milky latex 5-10 drops mixed in half teaspoon of honey—given orally.

context information

Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.

Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)

Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by Varahamihira

Śabara (शबर) [or Parṇaśabara?] refers to a country belonging to “Āgneyī (south-eastern division)” classified under the constellations of Āśleṣā, Maghā and Pūrvaphālguni, according to the system of Kūrmavibhāga, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 14), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “The countries of the Earth beginning from the centre of Bhāratavarṣa and going round the east, south-east, south, etc., are divided into 9 divisions corresponding to the 27 lunar asterisms at the rate of 3 for each division and beginning from Kṛttikā. The constellations of Āśleṣā, Maghā and Pūrvaphālguni represent the south-eastern division consisting of [i.e., Parṇa, Śabara] [...]”.

context information

Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.

In Buddhism

Theravada (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Pali Kanon: Pali Proper Names

See Sapara.

context information

Theravāda is a major branch of Buddhism having the the Pali canon (tipitaka) as their canonical literature, which includes the vinaya-pitaka (monastic rules), the sutta-pitaka (Buddhist sermons) and the abhidhamma-pitaka (philosophy and psychology).

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Trisastisalakapurusacaritra

Śabara (शबर) refers to a sub-division of the Mlecchas: one of the two-fold division of men born in Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, situated in the “middle world” (madhyaloka), according to chapter 2.3 [ajitanātha-caritra] of Hemacandra’s 11th century Triṣaṣṭiśalākāpuruṣacaritra: an ancient Sanskrit epic poem narrating the history and legends of sixty-three illustrious persons in Jainism.

Accordingly:—“In these 35 zones on this side of Mānuṣottara and in the Antaradvīpas, men arise by birth; on the mountains, Meru, etc., by kidnapping and power of learning, in the 2½ continents and in 2 oceans. [...]. From the division into Āryas and Mlecchas they are two-fold. [...] The Mlecchas—[e.g., the Śabaras, ...] and other non-Āryas also are people who do not know even the word ‘dharma’”.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

India history and geography

Source: Wisdom Library: India History

Śabara (शबर) is the name of a country included within Dakṣiṇapatha which was situated to the south of the Vindhyas according to the Yādavaprakāśa. Dakṣiṇāpatha is a place-name ending is patha mentioned in the Gupta inscriptions. The Gupta empire (r. 3rd-century CE), founded by Śrī Gupta, covered much of ancient India and embraced the Dharmic religions such as Hinduism, Buddhism and Jainism.

Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)

Śabara (शबर) refers to a mythical tribe (called Bhokas in medieval Hindi literature), according to the 8th-century Kuvalayamālā written by Uddyotanasūri, a Prakrit Campū (similar to Kāvya poetry) narrating the love-story between Prince Candrāpīḍa and the Apsaras Kādambarī.—The Kuvalayamala (779 A.D.) is full of cultural material which gains in value because of the firm date of its composition. [...] On page 2.9 occurs a list of peoples in a country in which persons are born: [i.e., Śabara] [...]

context information

The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.

Biology (plants and animals)

Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)

Shabara in Niger is the name of a plant defined with Guiera senegalensis in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Guiera senegalensis Lam., hom. illegit..

Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):

· Genera Plantarum (1789)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2004)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (2005)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1987)
· Journal of Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics (1980)
· Journal of Ethnopharmacology (1999)

If you are looking for specific details regarding Shabara, for example chemical composition, pregnancy safety, side effects, extract dosage, health benefits, diet and recipes, have a look at these references.

context information

This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

śābara (शाबर).—n (S Relating to the barbarians called śabara) Magic, enchantment, witchcraft, sorcery.

--- OR ---

sabara (सबर).—f ( A) A kind of aloes.

--- OR ---

sabara (सबर).—a Big with young;--used of the mare or she-ass.

--- OR ---

sābara (साबर).—n (śābara S) Magic, witchcraft, sorcery.

--- OR ---

sābara (साबर).—f sābarakāṇḍēṃ n sābaranivaḍuṅga m n Flat-jointed prickly pear.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

sabara (सबर).—a Big with young-used of the mare or she-ass.

--- OR ---

sābara (साबर).—n Magic, sorcery.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Śabara (शबर).—1 A mountaineer, barbarian, savage; राजन् गुञ्जाफलानां स्रज इति शबरा नैव हारं हरान्ति (rājan guñjāphalānāṃ sraja iti śabarā naiva hāraṃ harānti) K. P.1.

2) Name of Śiva.

3) The hand.

4) Water.

5) Name of a celebrated commentator and writer on Mīmāṃsā.

-rī 1 A Śabara female.

2) A female Kirāta who was an ardent devotee of Rāma.

Derivable forms: śabaraḥ (शबरः).

See also (synonyms): śavara.

--- OR ---

Śābara (शाबर).—a. (-rī f.) [शब (śaba)(va)र-अण् (ra-aṇ)]

1) Savage, barbarous.

2) Low, vile, base.

-raḥ 1 An offence, a fault.

2) Sin, wickedness.

3) The tree called Lodhra.

4) Name of a teacher and author of a well-known commentary (śābarabhāṣya) on the Mīmāṃsā-sūtras; see शबर (śabara).

-rī A low form of the Prākṛta dialect (spoken by mountaineers &c.

See also (synonyms): śāvara.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Śabara (शबर).—(pāda) , see Siddhaśabara(-pāda).

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Śabara (शबर).—[masculine] [plural] [Name] of a people.

--- OR ---

Śābara (शाबर).—[masculine] [Name] of a plant & a teacher, [feminine] ī the language of the Śabaras.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

1) Śabara (शबर) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—poet. See Śakaṭīyaśabara.

2) Śābara (शाबर):—tantra. See Siddhaśābara.

3) Śābara (शाबर):—[tantric] by Prāṇakṛṣna. Mentioned Oxf. 374^a.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Śabara (शबर):—mfn. - (also written śavara; cf. śabala below) variegated, brindled, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

2) relating or belonging to a Śabara ([probably] for śābara), [Mahābhārata]

3) m. Name of a wild mountaineer tribe in the Deccan (in later language applied to any savage or barbarian = kirāta, pulinda, bhilla; [according to] to [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] ‘the son of a Śūdra and a Bhillī’), [Aitareya-brāhmaṇa; Mahābhārata] etc.

4) a kind of Lodhra or Lodh tree, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] (cf. [compound])

5) Name of Śiva, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

6) (with kāṣivata) Name of the author of [Ṛg-veda x, 169; Anukramaṇikā]

7) of a poet, [Catalogue(s)]

8) of a Buddhist, [ib.]

9) = śabara-svāmin (in śabara-bhāṣya q.v.)

10) = hasta and śāstra-viśeṣa, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

11) Śabarā (शबरा):—[from śabara] f. Name of a Yoginī, [Hemādri’s Caturvarga-cintāmaṇi]

12) Śabara (शबर):—n. water, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.] ([probably] [wrong reading] for śambara).

13) Śābara (शाबर):—mfn. ([from] śabara) wicked, malicious, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

14) m. injury, offence, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

15) Symplocos Racemosa, [Bhāvaprakāśa] (cf. sāvara)

16) Name of a teacher and of various works. (cf. below)

17) n. copper, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

18) darkness, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

19) a kind of sandal (cf. śāmbara), [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Śabara (शबर) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Sabara.

[Sanskrit to German]

Shabara in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Sabara (सबर) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Śabara.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Śabara (ಶಬರ):—

1) [noun] a wild mountaineer tribe, the members of which live by hunting.

2) [noun] a man belonging to this tribe.

3) [noun] Śiva.

4) [noun] water.

5) [noun] name of a celebrated commentator on Jaimini's aphorisms.

--- OR ---

Śābara (ಶಾಬರ):—

1) [noun] the art or performing skill of producing baffling effects or illusions by sleight of hand, concealed apparatus, etc.; magic.

2) [noun] the supposed use of an evil supernatural power over people and their affairs; witchcraft; black magic; sorcery.

--- OR ---

Śābara (ಶಾಬರ):—

1) [adjective] of or related to hunters, fowlers or their customs.

2) [adjective] wild, crude, and unrestrained.

3) [adjective] low; mean; base; inferior.

--- OR ---

Śābara (ಶಾಬರ):—

1) [noun] a wild mountaineer tribe, the members of which live by hunting.

2) [noun] a man belonging to this tribe.

3) [noun] the tree Symplocos racemosa of Sympolocaceae family; the lodh tree.

4) [noun] a mistake, breaking of law, custom, etc.

5) [noun] a transgression of a religious or divine law; a sin.

--- OR ---

Sabara (ಸಬರ):—

1) [noun] (correctly, ಶಬರ [shabara]) a wild mountaineer tribe, the members of which live by hunting.

2) [noun] a man belonging to this tribe.

--- OR ---

Sabara (ಸಬರ):—

1) [noun] a cloth cover for the back and sides of an ox, horse, etc.

2) [noun] a padded seat of leather for the rider of a horse.

3) [noun] the condition of a female horse being with an young one developing within.

4) [noun] a horse in this stage.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Starts with (+6): Shabarabala, Shabarabhashya, Shabarabhedakhya, Shabarabhedaksha, Shabaracintamani, Shabarahara, Shabarajambu, Shabarajambuka, Shabaraka, Shabarakanda, Shabarakaustubha, Shabarala, Shabaralaya, Shabaralodhra, Shabaramahatantra, Shabaramantra, Shabaramukha, Shabarasimha, Shabarasundari, Shabarasvamin.

Ends with: Kalashabara, Parnashabara, Patrashabara, Pattrashabara, Shakatiyashabara, Siddhashabara, Smarashabara.

Full-text (+246): Savara, Shabaralodhra, Shabarayana, Shabaraka, Shabarahara, Shabare, Shabari, Shabarabhashya, Shabaratantra, Shabarabhedakhya, Mayabatu, Pattrashabara, Shabarajambuka, Parnashabara, Shabarika, Shabarakanda, Kamele sabara, Shabarotsava, Shabaralaya, Forester.

Relevant text

Search found 70 books and stories containing Shabara, Sabara, Śabara, Śābara, Sābara, Śabarā, Sabāra; (plurals include: Shabaras, Sabaras, Śabaras, Śābaras, Sābaras, Śabarās, Sabāras). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)

Rig Veda 10.169.3 < [Sukta 169]

Rig Veda 10.169.1 < [Sukta 169]

Rig Veda 10.169.4 < [Sukta 169]

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Prasthanatrayi Swaminarayan Bhashyam (Study) (by Sadhu Gyanananddas)

2.5. Karmamīmāṃsā Darśana < [Chapter 1 - Introduction]

1.2. Acceptance of Pramāṇa in Various Darśana Traditions < [Chapter 2 - Analysis on the Basis Of Epistemology]

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A History of Indian Philosophy Volume 1 (by Surendranath Dasgupta)

Part 2 - The Mīmāṃsā Literature < [Chapter IX - Mīmāṃsā Philosophy]

Part 3 - The Indian Systems of Philosophy < [Chapter IV - General Observations On The Systems Of Indian Philosophy]

Part 14 - Mīmāṃsā as philosophy and Mīmāṃsā as ritualism < [Chapter IX - Mīmāṃsā Philosophy]

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The Skanda Purana (by G. V. Tagare)

Chapter 8 - The Messenger Vidyāpati Returns < [Section 2 - Puruṣottama-kṣetra-māhātmya]

Chapter 7 - The Story of Indradyumna < [Section 2 - Puruṣottama-kṣetra-māhātmya]

Chapter 57 - The Śabara Goes to Svarga < [Section 3 - Revā-khaṇḍa]

+ 18 more chapters / show preview

Expiatory Rites in Keralite Tantra (by T. S. Syamkumar)

4. The Karma Concept and Expiatory Rites (Introduction) < [Chapter 1 - Expiatory Rites: Concept and Evolution]

Concept of Nirmālya (in Śaiva ritual manuals) < [Chapter 3 - Expiatory Rites in Kerala Tantric Ritual Manuals]

1. Concept of Expiation and the Term Prāyaścitta < [Chapter 1 - Expiatory Rites: Concept and Evolution]

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Manusmriti with the Commentary of Medhatithi (by Ganganatha Jha)

Verse 2.23 < [Section VI - Qualified Countries]

Verse 8.260 < [Section XL - Disputes regarding Boundaries]

Verse 2.240 < [Section XXXI - Acquiring of Learning from the Lowest]

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