Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.198-199
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.198-199:
समुच्चितः स्याद् द्वन्द्वार्थो गुणभूतसमुच्चयः ।
समुच्चयो वापि भवेद् गुणभूतसमुच्चितः ॥ १९८ ॥
समुच्चितस्य प्राधान्ये लिङ्गसंख्ये स्वभावतः ।
समुच्चयस्य प्राधान्ये शास्त्रं स्यात् प्रतिपादकम् ॥ १९९ ॥samuccitaḥ syād dvandvārtho guṇabhūtasamuccayaḥ |
samuccayo vāpi bhaved guṇabhūtasamuccitaḥ || 198 ||
samuccitasya prādhānye liṅgasaṃkhye svabhāvataḥ |
samuccayasya prādhānye śāstraṃ syāt pratipādakam || 199 ||198. The meaning of a dvandva compound may be the objects collected with collection as subordinate to them or it may be the collection with the collected objects as subordinate to it.
199. When the collected objects constitute the main meaning (of a dvandva compound) then its gender and number are natural. When the collection is the main meaning, it is the śāstra which prescribes both.
Commentary
[When the collected objects which are concrete things constitute the main meaning of a dvandva, then the gender and number of the word are natural, that is, not laid down by the śāstra. When it is considered that the śāstra prescribes the meaning and that meaning is the collection, then gender and number are also laid down by the śāstra, namely, P. 1.2.52. This rule becomes applicable because it lays down the gender and number of a viśeṣaṇa and even where the collection is the main thing, the collected are looked upon as a kind of viśeṣaṇa.]
Some think that even when the collected objects constitute the main meaning, the śāstra lays down the law.