Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.12.3
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.12.3:
क्रिया विषयभेदेन जीविकादिषु भिद्यते ।
लादेशैः स क्रियाभेदो वाक्येष्वपि नियम्यते ॥ ३ ॥kriyā viṣayabhedena jīvikādiṣu bhidyate |
lādeśaiḥ sa kriyābhedo vākyeṣvapi niyamyate || 3 ||3. The substitutes of la express a difference in action on the basis of difference in aim such as livelihood etc. This difference in action is sometimes expressed by some special word in the sentence.
Commentary
[The action expressed by a root is sometimes differentiated on the basis of the aim (viṣaya) in doing it and this difference is expressed by different substitutes of la such as parasmaipada and ātmanepada. When the action is done by someone as a means of livelihood, it is the parasmaipada which expresses it, as in pacanti, yajanti. Here the main fruit of the action does not go to agents, their only reward being their wages or fees. That the Yajamāna does something in order to attain the main fruit is understood from the ātmanepada as in yajate. Sometimes this idea is understood from some special word in the sentence like sva. The ātmanepada then becomes optional according to P. 1.3.77. One can say svaṃ yajñaṃ yajate or svaṃ yajñam yajati.]