Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.12.4
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.12.4:
धात्वर्थस्तद्विशेषश्चाप्युक्तः क्वचिदुपग्रहः ।
धात्वर्थो गन्धनादिः स्याद् व्यतिहारो विशेषणम् ॥ ४ ॥dhātvarthastadviśeṣaścāpyuktaḥ kvacidupagrahaḥ |
dhātvartho gandhanādiḥ syād vyatihāro viśeṣaṇam || 4 ||4. A special action denoted by the root or a peculiarity in the action denoted by it is sometimes called upagraha. Gandhana (hinting, indication) etc. are special actions whereas reciprocity is a particularity.
Commentary
[Hinting, indication etc. mentioned in P. 1.3.32 are really special actions expressed by the root but can be understood only when the ātmanepada is added to it and hence they arc called upagraha. For example, utkurute ‘he gives a hint.’ Reciprocity is a peculiarity in the action and that is also called upagraha when expressed by the ātmanepada as in vyatipacante = ‘they cook for each other’.]