Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 2.435
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.435:
सम्बन्धिधर्मा संयोगः स्वशब्देनाभिधीयते ।
सम्बन्धः समवायश्च सम्बन्धित्वेन गम्यते ॥ ४३५ ॥sambandhidharmā saṃyogaḥ svaśabdenābhidhīyate |
sambandhaḥ samavāyaśca sambandhitvena gamyate || 435 ||435. The relation called contact is expressed as that which is related (sambandhin) by its own word (namely, saṃyoga), similarly, inherence is also expressed as that which has inherence.
Commentary
Even the relation of expression and expressed (vācyavācakabhāva) between word and meaning cannot be maintained.
[Read verse 435 above]
[In the expression; bhūtale ghataḥ=the jar is on the floor; the relation of contact between the floor and the jar is understood as a relation but in the expression dravyayoḥ saṃyogaḥ = ‘the contact between the two substances’ where the word saṃyoga (contact) is itself used, the relation is not presented as a relation but as a sambandhi = that which is related. In other words, its own word does not present it in its true nature. It presents it as the related whereas it is really a relation. The same is true of the word samavāya which means the relation called inherence.]