Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 2.362
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.362:
कृतणत्वाश्च ये शब्दाः नित्यं खरणसादयः ।
एकद्रव्योपदेशित्वात्तान् साधून् संप्रचक्षते ॥ ३६२ ॥kṛtaṇatvāśca ye śabdāḥ nityaṃ kharaṇasādayaḥ |
ekadravyopadeśitvāttān sādhūn saṃpracakṣate || 362 ||362. Names like kharaṇasa have ṇ instead of n eternally and as they denote a particular individual, they have been declared to be correct.
Commentary
A doubt as to the eternality of the relation between names and the named is removed as fellows—
[Read verse 362 above]
[The word kharanasa has this form when it is not a name but it becomes kharaṇasa when it is a name. They are really two different words. It is not that the word kharanasa becomes kharaṇasa when it is to be used as a name. So the question of the non-eternality of the relation between the name and the named does not arise at all.
The Vṛtti quotes a verse stating the doubt to resolve which the present verse has been given. The doubt is: If the word kharaṇasa is formed before it was a name then how did it get ṇ which depends upon its being a name? If the word was kharanasa when it was formed and it was changed to kharaṇasa when it became a name, the eternality of the relation is affected. To resolve the doubt, it is stated that forms with na and forms with ṇa are both eternal. One is not a transformation of the other:—kṛtaṇatvāscākṛtaṇatvāśca nityāḥ samudāyā vidyante. Tatra kṛtaṇatvāḥ samudāye niyujyamānāḥ sādhavaḥ. Anyatrākṛtaṇatvāḥ sādhavaḥ. Whether with n or with ṇ, they are both incorrect if used outside their scope:—ubhayeṣāṃ ca viṣayaviparyaye sādhutvaṃ na vidyate.]