Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 3.10.1

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वाम॑ग्ने मनी॒षिण॑: स॒म्राजं॑ चर्षणी॒नाम् । दे॒वं मर्ता॑स इन्धते॒ सम॑ध्व॒रे ॥
त्वामग्ने मनीषिणः सम्राजं चर्षणीनाम् । देवं मर्तास इन्धते समध्वरे ॥
tvām agne manīṣiṇaḥ samrājaṃ carṣaṇīnām | devam martāsa indhate sam adhvare ||

English translation:

“You, the king of men; Agni, the divine; prudent mortals kindle you at the sacrifice.”

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): virāḍuṣnik ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

त्वाम् । अ॒ग्ने॒ । म॒नी॒षिणः॑ । स॒म्ऽराज॑म् । च॒र्ष॒णी॒नाम् । दे॒वम् । मर्ता॑सः । इ॒न्ध॒ते॒ । सम् । अ॒ध्व॒रे ॥
त्वाम् । अग्ने । मनीषिणः । सम्राजम् । चर्षणीनाम् । देवम् । मर्तासः । इन्धते । सम् । अध्वरे ॥
tvām | agne | manīṣiṇaḥ | sam-rājam | carṣaṇīnām | devam | martāsaḥ | indhate | sam | adhvare

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 3.10.1 English analysis of grammar]

tvām < tvad

[noun], accusative, singular

“you.”

agne < agni

[noun], vocative, singular, masculine

“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”

manīṣiṇaḥ < manīṣin

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“sage; expert; devout.”

samrājaṃ < samrājam < samrāj

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“sovereign; ruler.”

carṣaṇīnām < carṣaṇi

[noun], genitive, plural, feminine

“people.”

devam < deva

[noun], accusative, singular, masculine

“Deva; Hindu deity; king; deity; Indra; deva [word]; God; Jina; Viśvedevās; mercury; natural phenomenon; gambling.”

martāsa < martāsaḥ < marta

[noun], nominative, plural, masculine

“man.”

indhate < indh

[verb], plural, Present indikative

“kindle; ignite; set ablaze.”

sam

[adverb]

“sam; together; together; saṃ.”

adhvare < adhvara

[noun], locative, singular, masculine

“yajña; ceremony; adhvara [word].”

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