Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 3.1.18
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
नि दु॑रो॒णे अ॒मृतो॒ मर्त्या॑नां॒ राजा॑ ससाद वि॒दथा॑नि॒ साध॑न् । घृ॒तप्र॑तीक उर्वि॒या व्य॑द्यौद॒ग्निर्विश्वा॑नि॒ काव्या॑नि वि॒द्वान् ॥
नि दुरोणे अमृतो मर्त्यानां राजा ससाद विदथानि साधन् । घृतप्रतीक उर्विया व्यद्यौदग्निर्विश्वानि काव्यानि विद्वान् ॥
ni duroṇe amṛto martyānāṃ rājā sasāda vidathāni sādhan | ghṛtapratīka urviyā vy adyaud agnir viśvāni kāvyāni vidvān ||
English translation:
“The immortal being has sat down in the dwelling of mortals, accomplishing (their) sacrifices; Agni, who is cognizant of all sacred rites, shines with expanded bulk when fed with clarified butter.”
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gāthino viśvāmitraḥ [gāthina viśvāmitra];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): agniḥ ;
Chandas (meter): bhurikpaṅkti ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
नि । दु॒रो॒णे । अ॒मृतः॑ । मर्त्या॑नाम् । राजा॑ । स॒सा॒द॒ । वि॒दथा॑नि । साध॑न् । घृ॒तऽप्र॑तीकः । उ॒र्वि॒या । वि । अ॒द्यौ॒त् । अ॒ग्निः । विश्वा॑नि । काव्या॑नि । वि॒द्वान् ॥
नि । दुरोणे । अमृतः । मर्त्यानाम् । राजा । ससाद । विदथानि । साधन् । घृतप्रतीकः । उर्विया । वि । अद्यौत् । अग्निः । विश्वानि । काव्यानि । विद्वान् ॥
ni | duroṇe | amṛtaḥ | martyānām | rājā | sasāda | vidathāni | sādhan | ghṛta-pratīkaḥ | urviyā | vi | adyaut | agniḥ | viśvāni | kāvyāni | vidvān
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 3.1.18 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“back; down.”
[noun], locative, singular, neuter
“home; dwelling.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“immortal; amṛta; imperishable.”
[noun], genitive, plural, masculine
“man; people; martya [word]; Earth.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“king; Kshatriya; rājan [word]; best; rājāvarta; Yakṣa.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“sit down; break down; slow; sink; crumble; fracture; perish; ride; stop; besiege; tire.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“meeting; wisdom; council.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“promote; succeed.”
[noun], neuter
“ghee; fat.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“face; surface.”
[adverb]
“wide; widely.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Athematic s aor. (Ind.)
“shine; inflame.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“fire; Agni; sacrificial fire; digestion; cautery; Plumbago zeylanica; fire; vahni; agni [word]; agnikarman; gold; three; jāraṇa; pyre; fireplace; heating.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“all(a); whole; complete; each(a); viśva [word]; completely; wholly.”
[noun], accusative, plural, neuter
“Uśanas; poem; Kāvya; wisdom.”
[verb noun], nominative, singular
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”