Chapter 131

umovāca |
bhagavanbhaganetraghna pūṣṇo daśanapātana |
dakṣakratuhara tryakṣa saṃśayo me mahānayam || 1 ||
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cāturvarṇyaṃ bhagavatā pūrvaṃ sṛṣṭaṃ svayaṃbhuvā |
kena karmavipākena vaiśyo gacchati śūdratām || 2 ||
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vaiśyo vā kṣatriyaḥ kena dvijo vā kṣatriyo bhavet |
pratilomaḥ kathaṃ deva śakyo dharmo niṣevitum || 3 ||
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kena vā karmaṇā vipraḥ śūdrayonau prajāyate |
kṣatriyaḥ śūdratāmeti kena vā karmaṇā vibho || 4 ||
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etaṃ me saṃśayaṃ deva vada bhūtapate'nagha |
trayo varṇāḥ prakṛtyeha kathaṃ brāhmaṇyamāpnuyuḥ || 5 ||
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maheśvara uvāca |
brāhmaṇyaṃ devi duṣprāpaṃ nisargādbrāhmaṇaḥ śubhe |
kṣatriyo vaiśyaśūdrau vā nisargāditi me matiḥ || 6 ||
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karmaṇā duṣkṛteneha sthānādbhraśyati vai dvijaḥ |
jyeṣṭhaṃ varṇamanuprāpya tasmādrakṣeta vai dvijaḥ || 7 ||
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sthito brāhmaṇadharmeṇa brāhmaṇyamupajīvati |
kṣatriyo vātha vaiśyo vā brahmabhūyāya gacchati || 8 ||
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yastu vipratvamutsṛjya kṣātraṃ dharmaṃ niṣevate |
brāhmaṇyātsa paribhraṣṭaḥ kṣatrayonau prajāyate || 9 ||
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vaiśyakarma ca yo vipro lobhamohavyapāśrayaḥ |
brāhmaṇyaṃ durlabhaṃ prāpya karotyalpamatiḥ sadā || 10 ||
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sa dvijo vaiśyatāmeti vaiśyo vā śūdratāmiyāt |
svadharmātpracyuto viprastataḥ śūdratvamāpnute || 11 ||
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tatrāsau nirayaṃ prāpto varṇabhraṣṭo bahiṣkṛtaḥ |
brahmalokaparibhraṣṭaḥ śūdraḥ samupajāyate || 12 ||
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kṣatriyo vā mahābhāge vaiśyo vā dharmacāriṇi |
svāni karmāṇyapāhāya śūdrakarmāṇi sevate || 13 ||
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svasthānātsa paribhraṣṭo varṇasaṃkaratāṃ gataḥ |
brāhmaṇaḥ kṣatriyo vaiśyaḥ śūdratvaṃ yāti tādṛśaḥ || 14 ||
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yastu śuddhaḥ svadharmeṇa jñānavijñānavāñśuciḥ |
dharmajño dharmanirataḥ sa dharmaphalamaśnute || 15 ||
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idaṃ caivāparaṃ devi brahmaṇā samudīritam |
adhyātmaṃ naiṣṭhikaṃ sadbhirdharmakāmairniṣevyate || 16 ||
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ugrānnaṃ garhitaṃ devi gaṇānnaṃ śrāddhasūtakam |
ghuṣṭānnaṃ naiva bhoktavyaṃ śūdrānnaṃ naiva karhicit || 17 ||
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śūdrānnaṃ garhitaṃ devi devadevairmahātmabhiḥ |
pitāmahamukhotsṛṣṭaṃ pramāṇamiti me matiḥ || 18 ||
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śūdrānnenāvaśeṣeṇa jaṭhare yo mriyeta vai |
āhitāgnistathā yajvā sa śūdragatibhāgbhavet || 19 ||
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tena śūdrānnaśeṣeṇa brahmasthānādapākṛtaḥ |
brāhmaṇaḥ śūdratāmeti nāsti tatra vicāraṇā || 20 ||
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yasyānnenāvaśeṣeṇa jaṭhare yo mriyeta vai |
tāṃ tāṃ yoniṃ vrajedvipro yasyānnamupajīvati || 21 ||
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brāhmaṇatvaṃ śubhaṃ prāpya durlabhaṃ yo'vamanyate |
abhojyānnāni cāśnāti sa dvijatvātpateta vai || 22 ||
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surāpo brahmahā kṣudraścauro bhagnavrato'śuciḥ |
svādhyāyavarjitaḥ pāpo lubdho naikṛtikaḥ śaṭhaḥ || 23 ||
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avratī vṛṣalībhartā kuṇḍāśī somavikrayī |
nihīnasevī vipro hi patati brahmayonitaḥ || 24 ||
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gurutalpī gurudveṣī gurukutsāratiśca yaḥ |
brahmadviṭcāpi patati brāhmaṇo brahmayonitaḥ || 25 ||
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ebhistu karmabhirdevi śubhairācaritaistathā |
śūdro brāhmaṇatāṃ gacchedvaiśyaḥ kṣatriyatāṃ vrajet || 26 ||
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śūdrakarmāṇi sarvāṇi yathānyāyaṃ yathāvidhi |
śuśrūṣāṃ paricaryāṃ ca jyeṣṭhe varṇe prayatnataḥ |
kuryādavimanāḥ śūdraḥ satataṃ satpathe sthitaḥ || 27 ||
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daivatadvijasatkartā sarvātithyakṛtavrataḥ |
ṛtukālābhigāmī ca niyato niyatāśanaḥ || 28 ||
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caukṣaścaukṣajanānveṣī śeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ |
vṛthāmāṃsānyabhuñjānaḥ śūdro vaiśyatvamṛcchati || 29 ||
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ṛtavāganahaṃvādī nirdvaṃdvaḥ śamakovidaḥ |
yajate nityayajñaiśca svādhyāyaparamaḥ śuciḥ || 30 ||
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dānto brāhmaṇasatkartā sarvavarṇabubhūṣakaḥ |
gṛhasthavratamātiṣṭhandvikālakṛtabhojanaḥ || 31 ||
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śeṣāśī vijitāhāro niṣkāmo nirahaṃvadaḥ |
agnihotramupāsaṃśca juhvānaśca yathāvidhi || 32 ||
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sarvātithyamupātiṣṭhañśeṣānnakṛtabhojanaḥ |
tretāgnimantravihito vaiśyo bhavati vai yadi |
sa vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyakule śucau mahati jāyate || 33 ||
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sa vaiśyaḥ kṣatriyo jāto janmaprabhṛti saṃskṛtaḥ |
upanīto vrataparo dvijo bhavati satkṛtaḥ || 34 ||
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dadāti yajate yajñaiḥ saṃskṛtairāptadakṣiṇaiḥ |
adhīte svargamanvicchaṃstretāgniśaraṇaḥ sadā || 35 ||
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ārtahastaprado nityaṃ prajā dharmeṇa pālayan |
satyaḥ satyāni kurute nityaṃ yaḥ sukhadarśanaḥ || 36 ||
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dharmadaṇḍo na nirdaṇḍo dharmakāryānuśāsakaḥ |
yantritaḥ kāryakaraṇe ṣaḍbhāgakṛtalakṣaṇaḥ || 37 ||
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grāmyadharmānna seveta svacchandenārthakovidaḥ |
ṛtukāle tu dharmātmā patnīṃ seveta nityadā || 38 ||
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sarvopavāsī niyataḥ svādhyāyaparamaḥ śuciḥ |
barhiṣkāntarite nityaṃ śayāno'gnigṛhe sadā || 39 ||
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sarvātithyaṃ trivargasya kurvāṇaḥ sumanāḥ sadā |
śūdrāṇāṃ cānnakāmānāṃ nityaṃ siddhamiti bruvan || 40 ||
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svārthādvā yadi vā kāmānna kiṃcidupalakṣayet |
pitṛdevātithikṛte sādhanaṃ kurute ca yaḥ || 41 ||
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svaveśmani yathānyāyamupāste bhaikṣameva ca |
trikālamagnihotraṃ ca juhvāno vai yathāvidhi || 42 ||
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gobrāhmaṇahitārthāya raṇe cābhimukho hataḥ |
tretāgnimantrapūtaṃ vā samāviśya dvijo bhavet || 43 ||
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jñānavijñānasaṃpannaḥ saṃskṛto vedapāragaḥ |
vipro bhavati dharmātmā kṣatriyaḥ svena karmaṇā || 44 ||
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etaiḥ karmaphalairdevi nyūnajātikulodbhavaḥ |
śūdro'pyāgamasaṃpanno dvijo bhavati saṃskṛtaḥ || 45 ||
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brāhmaṇo vāpyasadvṛttaḥ sarvasaṃkarabhojanaḥ |
brāhmaṇyaṃ puṇyamutsṛjya śūdro bhavati tādṛśaḥ || 46 ||
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karmabhiḥ śucibhirdevi śuddhātmā vijitendriyaḥ |
śūdro'pi dvijavatsevya iti brahmābravītsvayam || 47 ||
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svabhāvakarma ca śubhaṃ yatra śūdre'pi tiṣṭhati |
viśuddhaḥ sa dvijātirvai vijñeya iti me matiḥ || 48 ||
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na yonirnāpi saṃskāro na śrutaṃ na ca saṃnatiḥ |
kāraṇāni dvijatvasya vṛttameva tu kāraṇam || 49 ||
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sarvo'yaṃ brāhmaṇo loke vṛttena tu vidhīyate |
vṛtte sthitaśca suśroṇi brāhmaṇatvaṃ nigacchati || 50 ||
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brāhmaḥ svabhāvaḥ kalyāṇi samaḥ sarvatra me matiḥ |
nirguṇaṃ nirmalaṃ brahma yatra tiṣṭhati sa dvijaḥ || 51 ||
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ete yoniphalā devi sthānabhāganidarśakāḥ |
svayaṃ ca varadenoktā brahmaṇā sṛjatā prajāḥ || 52 ||
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brāhmaṇo hi mahatkṣetraṃ loke carati pādavat |
yattatra bījaṃ vapati sā kṛṣiḥ pāralaukikī || 53 ||
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mitāśinā sadā bhāvyaṃ satpathālambinā sadā |
brāhmamārgamatikramya vartitavyaṃ bubhūṣatā || 54 ||
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saṃhitādhyāyinā bhāvyaṃ gṛhe vai gṛhamedhinā |
nityaṃ svādhyāyayuktena dānādhyayanajīvinā || 55 ||
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evaṃbhūto hi yo vipraḥ satataṃ satpathe sthitaḥ |
āhitāgniradhīyāno brahmabhūyāya kalpate || 56 ||
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brāhmaṇyameva saṃprāpya rakṣitavyaṃ yatātmabhiḥ |
yonipratigrahādānaiḥ karmabhiśca śucismite || 57 ||
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etatte sarvamākhyātaṃ yathā śūdro bhaveddvijaḥ |
brāhmaṇo vā cyuto dharmādyathā śūdratvamāpnute || 58 ||
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