Dush, Duṣ, Dus: 12 definitions
Introduction:
Dush means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
The Sanskrit term Duṣ can be transliterated into English as Dus or Dush, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).
Images (photo gallery)
Biology (plants and animals)
Dush in India is the name of a plant defined with Vitis vinifera in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Cissus vinifera Kuntze (among others).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Cytologia (1985)
· Um die Erde (1881)
· Listados Florísticos de México (1986)
· Acta Biologica Cracoviensia, Series Botanica (1986)
· AAU Reports (1994)
· Arbust. Amer. (1785)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Dush, for example extract dosage, health benefits, side effects, pregnancy safety, diet and recipes, chemical composition, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Duṣ (दुष्).—4 P. (duṣyati, duṣṭa)
1) To be bad or corrupted, be spoiled or suffer damage.
2) To be defiled or violated (as a woman &c.), be stained, be or become impure or contaminated; स्वल्पेनाप्यपकारेण ब्राह्मण्यमिव दुष्यति (svalpenāpyapakāreṇa brāhmaṇyamiva duṣyati) Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1. 66; Manusmṛti 7.24;9.318;1.12.
3) To sin, commit a mistake, be wrong.
4) To be unchaste or faithless. -Caus. (dūṣayati-te, but dūṣayati-te or doṣayati-te in the sense of 'making depraved' or 'corrupting')
1) To corrupt, spoil, cause to perish, hurt, destroy, defile, taint, contaminate, vitiate, pollute (lit. and fig.); न भीतो मरणादस्मि केवलं दूषितं यशः (na bhīto maraṇādasmi kevalaṃ dūṣitaṃ yaśaḥ) Mṛcchakaṭika 1.27; पूरा दूषयति स्थलीम् (pūrā dūṣayati sthalīm) R.12.3;8.68;1.47;12.4; Manusmṛti 5.1,14;7.195; Y.1.189; Amaruśataka 72; न त्वेवं दूषयिष्यामि शस्त्रग्रहमहाव्रतम् (na tvevaṃ dūṣayiṣyāmi śastragrahamahāvratam) Mv.3.8. 'shall not sully, violate or break &c.'
2) To corrupt the morals, demoralize.
3) To violate or dishonour (as a girl or another's wife); योऽकामां दूषयेत्कन्यां स सद्यो बधमर्हति (yo'kāmāṃ dūṣayetkanyāṃ sa sadyo badhamarhati) Manusmṛti 8.364,368.
4) To abrogate, rescind, annul.
5) To blame, censure, find fault with, speak ill of, accuse; दूषितः सर्वलोकेषु निषादत्वं गमिष्यति (dūṣitaḥ sarvalokeṣu niṣādatvaṃ gamiṣyati) Rām.; Y.1.66.
6) To adulterate.
7) To falsify.
8) To refute, disprove.
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Dus (दुस्).—A prefix to nouns and sometimes to verbs meaning 'bad, evil, wicked, inferior, hard or difficult, &c.' (N. B. The s of dus is changed to r before vowels and soft consonants, see dur; to a Visarga before sibilants, to ś before c and ch, and to ṣ before k and p.)
Dūṣ (दूष्).—[dūṣa] r. 4th cl. (dūṣyati) 1. To be or become bad. 2. To make bad.
Duṣ (दुष्).—i. 4, [Parasmaipada.] (in epic poetry also [Ātmanepada.], perhaps to be read dūṣyate, pass. of the [Causal.] Mahābhārata 1, 2405), 1. To be depraved, Mahābhārata 1, 2405. 2. To be defiled, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 318. 3. To be ruined, Kām. Nītis. 11, 36. 4. To sin, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 5, 32. 5. To be faulty, [Suśruta] 2, 214, 15. Ptcple. of the pf. pass. duṣṭa, 1. Corrapt, [Yājñavalkya, (ed. Stenzler.)] 2, 257. 2. Painful, [Pañcatantra] 38, 11. 3. Wicked, [Pañcatantra] 98, 22. 4. Convicted, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 8, 373. 5. Illaffected against somebody (with gen.), [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 92, 16 Gorr. 6. n. Sin, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 7760. Comp. A-, adj. innocent. Su-, adj. guilty, [Rāmāyaṇa] 5, 91, 2. Vāgdº, i. e. vāc-, m. a rude speaker, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 3, 156; a defamer, 8, 345. [Causal.] dūṣaya, 1. To hurt, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 47; with gen., [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 74, 3. 2. To lav waste, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 7, 195. 3. To defile, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 5, 125; 6, 364. 4. To demoralise, [Rājataraṅgiṇī] 5, 6. 5. To falsify, Mahābhārata 13, 1683. 6. To rescind, Mahābhārata 12, 7256. 7. To blame, Mahābhārata 13, 1469. 8. To abuse, Mahābhārata 2, 2133. 9. To accuse, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 59, 20. Ptcple. of the pf. pass. dūṣita, Disgraced, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 10, 29; deprived of the marks of his order (?) [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 6, 66 ([Kullūka Schol. ed. [Mānavadharmaśāstra]]). Comp. ptcple. of the fut. pass. a-dūṣya, Not to be defiled, Mahābhārata 12, 6072.
— With the prep. anu anu, To lose courage afterwards, Mahābhārata 5, 4543.
— With ani abhi, abhiduṣṭa, Defiled, Mahābhārata 13, 1573. [Causal.] To hurt, [Devīmāhātmya, (ed. Poley.)] 8 37.
— With upa upa, To be depraved, [Harivaṃśa, (ed. Calc.)] 11264.
— With pra pra, 1. To grow worse (as a disease), [Suśruta] 1, 83, 16. 2. To be defiled, Mahābhārata 12, 1237. 3. To act amiss, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 9, 74. praduṣta, 1. Wicked, Mahābhārata 12, 4540. 2. Blameable, 1, 3666. [Causal.] 1. To defile, [Raghuvaṃśa, (ed. Stenzler.)] 11, 25. 2. To deprave, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 51, 5 (pradūṣita). 3. To blame, [Rāmāyaṇa] 1, 61, 21 Gorr.
— With abhipra abhi-pra, [Causal.] To corrupt, [Suśruta] 1, 187, 17.
— With vipra vi-pra, viśduṣṭa, Exceedingly wanton, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 11, 176.
— With saṃpra sam -pra, 1. To grow worse (as a disease), [Suśruta] 1, 443, 15. 2. To become wicked, Mahābhārata 2, 2397. saṃpraduṣṭa, Defiled, [Varāhamihira's Bṛhajjātaka.] S. 12, 14.
— With prati prati, [Causal.], pratidūṣita in bhāva-, n. Disturbance of mind, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 65.
— With vi vi, [Causal.] 1. To defile, [Bhāgavata-Purāṇa, (ed. Burnouf.)] 2, 2, 37. 2. To offend, Mārk. P. 34, 47. 3. To disgrace, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 78, 8 Gorr.
— With sam sam, To be defiled, Mahābhārata 12, 4009. saṃduṣṭa, 1. Wicked, [Rāmāyaṇa] 3, 51, 27. 2. Ill-affected against somebody, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 91, 11 Gorr. [Causal.] 1. To corrupt, [Suśruta] 1, 286, 12. 2. To defile, [Rāmāyaṇa] c, 103, 19. 3. To expose to shame, Kām. Nītis. 6, 13. samdūṣita, Grown worse (as a disease), [Suśruta] 2, 413, 1.
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Dus (दुस्).— (cf. duṣ), a prefix implying: 1. Bad, wicked, contemptible, e. g. durvāc, A bad speech, abuse (see vāc); durjana, A wicked persen (see jana); durbuddhi, Having a contemptible intellect, i. e. stupid (see buddhi). 2. Wrong, e. g. dustarka (see tarka). 3. Inauspicious, e. g. dustithi (see tithi). 4. Difficult, e. g. duṣprekṣa.
— Cf. [Gothic.] tus in tuz-verjan; [Old High German.] zur-.
Duṣ (दुष्).—1. (°—) = dus.
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Duṣ (दुष्).—2. duṣyati (duṣyate) [participle] duṣṭa (q.v.) be or become bad, corrupted, defiled, impure; sin be guilty. [Causative] duṣayati q.v.
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Dus (दुस्).—(°—) = Gr. δυς.
1) Duś (दुश्):—[from dur] in [compound] for dus (p. 488).
2) Duṣ (दुष्):—[from dur] 1. duṣ in [compound] for dus (p. 488).
3) Dus (दुस्):—[from dur] ind. a prefix to nouns and rarely to verbs or adverbs ([Pāṇini 2-1, 6; 2, 18], [vArttika] 2, [Patañjali; iii, 3, 126 etc.]) implying evil, bad, difficult, hard
4) [v.s. ...] badly, hardly; slight, inferior etc. (opp. to su), often = Engl. in- or un-
5) [v.s. ...] cf. √2. duṣ; [Zend] dush-; [Greek] δυσ-; [Gothic] tuz-; O.H.G. zur.
6) [v.s. ...] It becomes dur (q.v.) before vowels and soft consonants; dū (q.v.) before r and sometimes before d, dh, n, which become ḍ, ḍh, ṇ
7) [v.s. ...] remains unchanged before t, th (in older language however ṣṭ, ṣṭh)
8) [v.s. ...] becomes duṣ (q.v.), rarely duḥ before k, kh; p, ph
9) [v.s. ...] duś (q.v.) before c, ch
10) [v.s. ...] duḥ (q.v.), rarely duś, duṣ, dus, before ś, ṣ, s.
11) Duṣ (दुष्):—2. duṣ [class] 4. [Parasmaipada] duṣyati (te, [Mahābhārata]; [perfect tense] dudoṣa; [future] dokṣyati, doṣṭā, [Siddhānta-kaumudī] : [Aorist] aduṣat, [Pāṇini 3-1, 55];adukṣat, [Vopadeva])
—to become bad or corrupted, to be defiled or impure, to be ruined, perish;
—to sin, commit a fault, be wrong, [Aitareya-brāhmaṇa; Chāndogya-upaniṣad; Mahābhārata] etc.:—[Causal] dūṣayati ([Epic] also te) See under dūṣa;
— doṣayati ([Pāṇini 6-4, 91]), to spoil or corrupt (the mind).
Duṣ (दुष्):—(ya, ir, au) duṣyati 4. a. To do or act wrong; or be impure. With pra and ā to become manifest or apparent.
Duṣ (दुष्):—
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Duṣ (दुष्):—2. = δυς und wie diese Partikel das Schlimme, Ueble, Schwierige einer Sache bezeichnend (Gegens. su) Vārtt. [?2 der SAUNĀGA zu Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 2, 2, 18.] Den Zusammenhang mit 1. duṣ hat man lange erkannt, aber dus (die indischen Grammatiker führen neben dus auch dur auf; vgl. [Medinīkoṣa 66] und [80], wo durduḥkha st. īrduḥkha zu lesen ist, wie man auch aus einem Citat des [DURGĀD. im Śabdakalpadruma] ersehen kann) als Grundform aufgeführt, weil der Endconsonant in euphonischer Beziehung ganz wie ein sa behandelt wird. Vor allen Vocalen und tönenden Consonanten erscheint diese Partikel nämlich in der Form von dur, vor ra als dū, vor ta und tha in der Form von dus (die ältere Sprache hat hier jedoch das ṣa und verwandelt statt dessen das nachfolgende ta in ṭa), vor ka, kha (vgl. jedoch duḥkha), pa und pha in der Form von duṣ; vor sa, śa (vgl. jedoch ducchunā) und ṣa geht der Endconsonant in Visarga über, für den aber wie auch sonst der nachfolgende Sibilant stehen kann (daher folgt bei uns duḥśa auf duścha u. s. w.); in duḥṣaha (neben dem späteren duḥsaha), duṣṭuta, duṣṭuti (für duṣṭu) u. s. w. sehen wir ein nachfolgendes sa in ṣa übergegangen; in durṇāman hat eine Assimilation des na stattgefunden. Diese beiden Uebergänge sollen in der späteren Sprache unzulässig sein; vgl. Vārtt. [?4 zu Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 1, 4, 60. Vopadeva’s Grammatik 8, 22]; es finden sich aber Ausnahmen. dūḍa, dūḍha und dūṇa stehen in der älteren Sprache für durda, dūrdha und durna . Mit einem Verbum finitum findet man die Partikel nur ganz ausnahmsweise verbunden: die Grammatiker führen durayate = dulayate (s. u. 3. i) und durbhavāni (s. u. bhū) auf; aus R. haben wir u. car duścaranti belegt; durgṛbhīyase ist denom. Besonders hervorgehoben zu werden verdient, dass duṣ wie su (auch īṣat) häufig mit einem nom. act. zu einem adj. comp. verbunden wird, welches in der Bedeutung ganz mit dem auf gleiche Weise verbundenen partic. fut. zusammenfallt: durvitarka = durvitarkya u. s. w. Das nom. act. erscheint in dieser Verbindung häufig in einer sonst in dieser Bedeutung nicht üblichen Gestalt, nämlich mit suff. a ohne alle Verstärkung und Modification der Wurzel (z. B. dustyaja), eine Form, die mehr dem nom. ag. zukommt. [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 3, 3, 126.] Dass aber diese Form in dieser Verbindung als nom. act. zu fassen sei. dafür spricht nicht nur entschieden die Bedeutung (duṣkara dessen Thun schwer ist d. i. schwer zu thun), sondern auch der Umstand, das in anderen Zusammensetzungen mit duṣ in dieser Bed. ein entschieden ausgesprochenes nom. act. auftritt, wie z. B. in (duratyetu), dass dagegen ein entschieden ausgesprochenes nom. agentis in dieser Verbindung niemals die oben angegebene Bedeutung hat (vgl. z. B. durupasarpin). duṣ am Anfange von adv. compp. [Pāṇini’s acht Bücher 2, 1, 6,] [Scholiast]
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Dus (दुस्):—s. 2. duṣ .
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Duṣ (दुष्):—1. , deśakālavihīnāni karmāṇi viparītavat . kriyamāṇāni duṣyanti havīṃṣyaprayateṣviva .. zu Schanden werden [Spr. 4216.] sich vergehen (von einem Weibe) [3852.] fehlerhaft —, mangelhaft sein [SARVADARŚANAS. 90, 10.] [Weber’s Indische Studien 8, 113.] — duṣṭa fehlerhaft —, mangelhaft: gaja [Halāyudha 2, 70.] Aussprache [Prātiśākhya zum Ṛgveda 14, 2.] pada [Oxforder Handschriften 207,a,13.] feindlich gesinnt [Spr. 4900.] — caus.
1) [Sp. 701, Z. 20] in sādhvasadūṣitahṛdaya bedeutet dūṣita eingeschüchtert, um seine Unbefangenheit gebracht; vgl. [Spr. 2600. 1184.] —
3) varaṃ tamupakartāraṃ doṣadṛṣṭyā ca dūṣayet [Spr. 5051.] — upa caus. dūṣita mit einem Makel behaftet: jātimātropadūṣita [Rāmāyaṇa 7, 59, 2, 52.] — pra, amitro mitratāṃ yāti mitraṃ cāpi praduṣyati so v. a. untreu werden [Spr. 3560.] indriyāṇāṃ praduṣṭānāṃ hayānāmiva dhāvatām . kurvīta dhṛtyā sārathyam so v. a. wild geworden, ausschweifend [Rāmāyaṇa 7, 59, 2, 23.] — vi caus. verunglimpfen: paraguṇān [Spr. 3729.]
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Duṣ (दुष्):—2. , dur [Prātiśākha zum Atharvaveda 2, 60. 63. Z. 20] lies dūḍa st. dūḍa [Z. 21] lies durdha st. dūrdha .
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Duṣ (दुष्):—1. mit pra Jmd (gen.) Schaden bringen: yadyasya vihitaṃ bhojyaṃ na tattasya praduṣyati [Spr. (II) 5289.]
Duṣ (दुष्):—1. Indecl. = δυς-.
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Duṣ (दुष्):—2. ( = ^1. duṣ) duṣyati (episch auch Med.) erst im [Aitareyabrāhmaṇa] —
1) verderben , schlecht werden , Schaden nehmen , zu Schanden werden. —
2) vom Uebel — , fehlerhaft — , mangelhaft sein. —
3) verunreinigt werden , sich verunreinigen. —
4) einen Fehltritt — , eine Sünde begehen , sich vergehen (vom Weibe) , Schuld haben [120,15.] —
5) Partic. duṣṭa (erst bei [Mānavadharmaśāstra. ]) — a) verdorben [216,19.] mitgenommen , in einem schlechten Zustande befindlich. — b) fehlerhaft (auch von gezähmten Thieren) , mangelhaft , falsch. — c) böse , so v.a. von woher Gefahr droht. — d) der sich vergangen hat , schuldig ; häutig in Comp. mit dem womit sich Jmd vergangen hat. duṣṭā f. *liederlich. — e) feindlich gesinnt , böse auf , feindliche Absichten habend gegen , grollend auf (Gen.). — f) schlecht , böse in moralischem Sinne ; m. ein schlechter Mensch , Bösewicht [209,11.12.] — g) schlimm , arg. Compar. tara — *Caus. doṣayati beflecken (die Seele). — dūṣay s. bes. — Mit anu in Folge von Etwas untreu werden , — von Jmd abfallen. — Mit abhi, duṣṭa verunreinigt. — Mit upa einen Fehltritt begehen , moralisch sinken. — Mit pra —
1) sich verschlimmern. —
2) verunreinigt werden. —
3) einen Fehltritt begehen , moralisch sinken. —
4) sich vergehen an ( prati) Jmd. —
5) untreu werden , abfallen. —
6) praduṣṭa — a) wild geworden (Pferde) , ausgelassen (die Sinnensorgane). — b) schlecht , böse in moralischem Sinne , sündhaft ; m. ein schlechter Mensch , Bösewicht. — c) ausschweifend , liederlich (Weib). — Mit vipra, duṣṭa —
1) böse in moralischem Sinne. —
2) ausschweifend , liederlich (von Weibe). — Mit saṃpra —
1) sich verschlimmern , schlecht werden. —
2) duṣṭa verunreinigt. — Mit vi eine Sünde begehen , sich vergehen [Viṣṇusūtra 24,41.] — Mit sam —
1) sich verunreinigen. —
2) saṃduṣṭa — a) schlecht , böse (Person). — b) feindlich gesinnt gegen , grollend auf (Gen.).
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Dus (दुस्):—= ^1. duṣ , δυς-..
Dūṣ (दूष्) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Dūsa.
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Nepali dictionary
Dus is another spelling for डुस [ḍusa].—n. douching;
Nepali is the primary language of the Nepalese people counting almost 20 million native speakers. The country of Nepal is situated in the Himalaya mountain range to the north of India.
Tibetan-English dictionary
dus (དུས) (in Tibetan) can be associated with the following Chinese terms:
1) 世 [shì]: “world”.
2) 時 [shí]: “time”.
3) 時分 [shí fēn]: “time division”.
4) 時日 [shí rì]: “hours and days”..
5) 遠行 [yuǎn xíng]: “travel far”.
Tibetan language.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+7): Dukcakshas, Dukcar, Dukcarmaka, Dukchinna, Dukcikitsa, Dukcikitsita, Dukcintin, Dukcintita, Dukcintya, Dushcara, Dushcarin, Dushcarita, Dushcaritra, Dushcarman, Dushceshta, Dushceshtita, Dushchada, Dushchaya, Dushchid, Dushcikitsya.
Full-text (+1536): Dustara, Dushkarma, Dushkrita, Dushkara, Duhshasana, Dushprapa, Dushpradharsha, Dushkala, To, Dushcyavana, Dushcitta, Dushkula, Dushcara, Durlabha, Dushcarita, Dushkriti, Dushceshtita, Dushcaritra, Dushprakriti, Pradush.
Relevant text
Search found 64 books and stories containing Dush, Duṣ, Dus, Dūṣ, Duś; (plurals include: Dushes, Duṣs, Duses, Dūṣs, Duśs). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
History of Indian Medicine (and Ayurveda) (by Shree Gulabkunverba Ayurvedic Society)
Chapter 6 - Method of Nomenclature < [Part 6 - The Science of the Triumvirate (Tridosha) Pathogenesis]
Dictionaries of Indian languages (Kosha)
Page 941 < [English-Urdu-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 229 < [English-Urdu-Hindi (1 volume)]
Page 592 < [English-Urdu-Hindi (1 volume)]
History of Science in South Asia
The Borrowings Kṣuta-/kṣut- (“Inimical”) and Vidumāla- (“Retrograde”) in Sanskrit Astrological Texts, and the Representation of Semiticʿayn in Similar Loans < [Vol. 10 (2022)]
Reflections on Rasāyana, Bcud Len and Related Practices in Nyingma (Rnying Ma) Tantric Ritual < [Special Issue]
Tibetan Bonpo Mendrup: The Precious Formula’s Transmission < [Special Issue]
Yavanajataka by Sphujidhvaja [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 4.20 < [Chapter 4 - The Rule of the Objects of the Zodiac Signs and Planets]
Verse 1.124 < [Chapter 1 - The Innate Nature of the Zodiac Signs and Planets]
Verse 10.17 < [Chapter 10 - The Application of the Yogas of the Moon]
Rig Veda (translation and commentary) (by H. H. Wilson)
Rig Veda 7.4.7 < [Sukta 4]
Brihat Jataka by Varahamihira [Sanskrit/English] (by Michael D Neely)
Verse 8.11 < [Chapter 8 - Dashas and Antar Dashas]
Verse 24.5 < [Chapter 24 - Horoscope of the Female]