Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.14.406
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.14.406:
परापेक्षे यथा भावे कारणाख्या प्रवर्तते ।
तथान्याधिगमापेक्षमुपमानं प्रचक्षते ॥ ४०६ ॥parāpekṣe yathā bhāve kāraṇākhyā pravartate |
tathānyādhigamāpekṣamupamānaṃ pracakṣate || 406 ||406. Just as the name ‘cause’ is applied to something in respect of something else, in the same way, they call something secondary measure (upamāna) in respect of something else.
Commentary
[It is now stated that there is no fixity about what is upamāna and what is upameya. This is explained by means of an example. The name ‘cause’ is applied to something in regard to something else, namely, the effect. Similarly, what is well-known is a secondary measure (upamāna) in regard to something else which is less-known and, therefore, the upameya.]