Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.9.92
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.9.92:
प्राग्विरुद्धक्रियोत्पादान्निर्वृत्ते वा विरोधिनि ।
व्यापारेऽवधिभेदेन विषयस्तत्र भिद्यते ॥ ९२ ॥prāgviruddhakriyotpādānnirvṛtte vā virodhini |
vyāpāre'vadhibhedena viṣayastatra bhidyate || 92 ||92. Before the happening of the opposite action or after the opposite has taken place, the matter is diversified according to difference in the limit.
Commentary
[The answer is that their opposites which arc positive actions do have reference to the past and the future and so these are also thought of as referring to the same. Yadi kamalakam āhvāsyan na śakaṭaṃ paryābhaviṣyat—‘if Kamalaka could be called, the cart would not be upset’. Somebody says this, knowing that the calling of Kamalaka and the cart not being upset will not he possible. Kamalaka cannot be called because he has gone elsewhere and the cart cannot but be upset because it is overloaded. The upsetting of the cart can take place because Kamalaka is not called; he cannot be called because he has gone elsewhere. If he is called, the cart will not be upset. In this situation, the calling is in the future. So its opposite, the not-calling is also thought of as being in the future.]
Now something is going to be said about P. 3.4.1 which seems to teach a verbal suffix for expressing a tense, which, normally, is not its own.