Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.8.21
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.8.21:
अन्ते या वा क्रियाभागे जातिः सैव क्रिया स्मृता ।
सा व्यक्तेरनुनिष्पादे जायमानेव गम्यते ॥ २१ ॥ante yā vā kriyābhāge jātiḥ saiva kriyā smṛtā |
sā vyakteranuniṣpāde jāyamāneva gamyate || 21 ||21. It has been declared that the universal which inheres in the last part is action. When its substratum, the vyakti is brought about, it is also understood as being brought about.
Commentary
Within the jātivāda, another way of looking at it is now stated.
[Read verse 21 above]
[The universal inhering in the last part after which the result comes is action. The preceding ones are also action because they exist for it.]
The universal referred to in the two previous stanzas is the lower one. The Grand Universal called sattā is also kriyā.