Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 3.7.69
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 3.7.69:
अतस्तैः कर्मभिर्धातुर्युक्तोऽद्रव्यैरकर्मकः ।
लस्य कर्मणि भावे च निमित्तत्वाय कल्पते ॥ ६९ ॥atastaiḥ karmabhirdhāturyukto'dravyairakarmakaḥ |
lasya karmaṇi bhāve ca nimittatvāya kalpate || 69 ||69. Therefore, when the root comes together with those objects which are not things, it is intransitive and it becomes the occasion for taking verbal suffixes in the sense of object (karmaṇi) or action (bhāve).
Commentary
What follows because of time, etc. coming within the range of all roots and because of their being objects having a different status is now stated.
[Read verse 69 above]
[Where there is no main object in the form of substance, there the verbal suffix comes in the sense of minor object or mere action. In māsa āsyate devattena = ‘a month is spent by Devadatta’, the verbal suffix is expressive of a minor object which, in this case, is ‘a month’. In māsam āsyate devadattena—‘for a month, a stay is made by Devadatta’ the verbal suffix is expressive of action. This is according to P. 3.4.69, where the word akarmaka means a root which has no object in the form of a substance (dravyakarma). Though time, distance to be covered, etc. have been declared to be objects (karma), yet a root which has only such an object and not an object in the form of substance is deemed to be ‘akarmaka’. See M. Bhā. on P. 1.4.52.]
It is now stated that time, etc. are not the only objects having a different status.