Vakyapadiya of Bhartrihari
by K. A. Subramania Iyer | 1965 | 391,768 words
The English translation of the Vakyapadiya by Bhartrihari including commentary extracts and notes. The Vakyapadiya is an ancient Sanskrit text dealing with the philosophy of language. Bhartrhari authored this book in three parts and propounds his theory of Sphotavada (sphota-vada) which understands language as consisting of bursts of sounds conveyi...
This book contains Sanskrit text which you should never take for granted as transcription mistakes are always possible. Always confer with the final source and/or manuscript.
Verse 2.82
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of verse 2.82:
इदं प्रधानं शेषोऽयं विनियोगक्रमस्त्वयम् ।
साक्षादस्योपकारीदमिदमाराद् विशेषकम् ॥ ८२ ॥idaṃ pradhānaṃ śeṣo'yaṃ viniyogakramastvayam |
sākṣādasyopakārīdamidamārād viśeṣakam || 82 ||82. That this is primary and this is secondary, that this is the mode of procedure, that this is directly useful and this is indirectly useful.
Commentary
[Much space is given in Mīmāṃsā to the question of what is primary and what is subsidiary. In the process of threshing the corn, for instance, the threshing is subsidiary to the corn to unhusk which it is performed. Among the different actions constituting a Vedic sacrifice, some are directly useful while others are only indirectly so. For instance, the threshing of corn is directly useful for the performance of the Darśa pūrṇamāsa sacrifice while prayāja is so only indirectly. In Vyākaraṇa also, this distinction can be found. For instance, the stem is directly useful to the suffix; that which qualifies the stem as a preposition is only indirectly so. An example from the world is: the ornaments which a man himself wears are directly useful to him, while those worn by his wife and children are only indirectly so. This distinction between primary and secondary, directly useful and indirectly useful, presupposes the existence of parts of sentence and sentence-meaning.]