Verse 1191

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

भेदाभेदादयः सर्वे वस्तुसत्परिनिष्ठिताः ।
निःस्वभावश्च शब्दार्थस्तस्मादेते निरास्पदाः ॥ ११९१ ॥

bhedābhedādayaḥ sarve vastusatpariniṣṭhitāḥ |
niḥsvabhāvaśca śabdārthastasmādete nirāspadāḥ || 1191 ||

‘Diversity’ (difference) and ‘sameness’ (non-difference), etc. are resident in entities; while the ‘denotation of words’ is entirely featureless; hence the said characters have no place here.—(1191)

 

Kamalaśīla’s commentary (tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā):

‘Diversity and sameness, etc.’—i.e. Difference and Non-difference, etc.—the ‘etc.’ including ‘being subsistent’ and ‘non-subsistent’ and so forth.

All these are properties residing in Entities only; how could they reside in the Apoha which has its body created only by the artist of Conceptual Thought?

It has been argued that—“Apoha being of the nature of Action, its objective has to be pointed out”.

The reason put forward is not admitted; because the Apoha denoted by the Word is of the nature of a ‘Reflected Image’; and this Reflected Image, being in the form of the apprehended external object, cannot be a mere negation,

For the same reason there is no room for the optional alternatives set forth (by Uddyotakara)—as to whether it has, for its objective, the Cow, or the Non-Cow; as it is always apprehended as something positive, appertaining to the Cow [hence the question of its pertaining to the Non-Cow does not arise’,—(1191)