Tattvartha Sutra (with commentary)
by Vijay K. Jain | 2018 | 130,587 words | ISBN-10: 8193272625 | ISBN-13: 9788193272626
This page describes atoms of the the same class (sadrisha) which is verse 5.35 of the English translation of the Tattvartha Sutra which represents the essentials of Jainism and Jain dharma and deals with the basics on Karma, Cosmology, Ethics, Celestial beings and Liberation. The Tattvarthasutra is authorative among both Digambara and Shvetambara. This is verse 35 of the chapter The Non-living Substances and includes an extensive commentary.
Verse 5.35 - Atoms of the the same class (sadṛśa)
Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation of Tattvartha sūtra 5.35:
गुणसाम्ये सदृशानाम् ॥ ५.३५ ॥
guṇasāmye sadṛśānām || 5.35 ||
There is no combination between atoms of the equal degrees of the same attribute. (35)
Hindi Anvayarth:
अन्वयार्थ: [गुणसाम्ये] गुणों की समानता हो तब [सदृशनाम्] समान जाति वाले परमाणु के साथ बन्ध नहीं होता। जैसे कि-दो गुण वाले स्निग्ध परमाणु का दूसरे दो गुण वाले स्निग्ध परमाणु के साथ बन्ध नहीं होता अथवा जैसे स्निग्ध परमाणु का उतने ही गुण वाले रूक्ष परमाणु के साथ बन्ध नहीं होता। न-(बन्ध नहीं होता) यह शब्द इस सूत्र में नहीं कहा परन्तु ऊपर के सूत्र में कहा गया 'न' शब्द इस सूत्र में भी लागू होता है।
Anvayartha: [gunasamye] gunom ki samanata ho taba [sadrishanam] samana jati vale paramanu ke satha bandha nahim hota | jaise ki-do guna vale snigdha paramanu ka dusare do guna vale snigdha paramanu ke satha bandha nahim hota athava jaise snigdha paramanu ka utane hi guna vale ruksha paramanu ke satha bandha nahim hota | na-(bandha nahim hota) yaha shabda isa sutra mem nahim kaha parantu upara ke sutra mem kaha gaya 'na' shabda isa sutra mem bhi lagu hota hai |
Explanation in English from Ācārya Pūjyapāda’s Sarvārthasiddhi:
The term ‘sadṛśa’ means ‘of the same kind’ or ‘of the same class’. The term ‘guṇasāmya’ means ‘of the same degree’. This is what is implied. There is no combination between two degrees of greasiness and two degrees of roughness, three degrees of greasiness and three degrees of roughness, two degrees of greasiness and two degrees of greasiness, two degrees of roughness and two degrees of roughness. This should be extrapolated for other degrees of these attributes too. If so, what is the need of the term ‘of the same kind’? It is intended to indicate that combination takes place when there is difference in the degrees of greasiness or roughness.
From this it follows that there would be combination between atoms of the same kind and the opposite kind, if there be difference in the degrees of greasiness and roughness. The next sūtra indicates the particular condition for combination to take place.