Part 6 - Bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body

Q. 356. Bhante! How many are the types of bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body?

A. 356. Gautama! Eigḥt types, from kārmaṇ body enshrouding knowledge, till kārmaṇ body with karma causing obstruction.

Q. 357- Bhante! What karma leads to a bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body enshrouding knowledge?

A. 357. Gautama! This type of bondage is acquired for abusing knowledge, misusing knowledge, obstructing knowledge, showing contempt for knowledge, distorting knowledge, imparting wrong knowledge, and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body enshrouding knowledge.

Q. 358. Bhante! What karma leads to a bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body enshrouding faith?

A. 358. Gautama! This type of bondage is acquired for contradicting faith, state all as in the case of knowledge, except that replace the word ‘knowledge’ by ‘faith’, till for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body enshrouding faith.

Q. 359. Bhante! What karma leads to a bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body giving pleasant experiences?

A. 359. Gautama! It is acquired for showing compassion to one-organ beings, to two-organ beings, repeat what is stated in S.7 U 6. on duḥsamā period, till for not causing hardship to living beings, and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body giving pleasant experiences.

Q. 360. And what about a kārmaṇ body giving, unpleasant experiences, pray?

A. 360. Gautama! For causing pain to living beings, for causing them grief, repeat what is stated in S.7. U.6 on duḥsamā period, till for causing hardship to living beings, and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body giving unpleasant experiences.

Q. 361. Bhante! What karma leads to a bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body causing delusion?

A. 361. Gautama! This type of bondage is acquired from violent anger, violent pride, violent attachment, violent greed, violent karma obstructing faith, violent karma obstructing conduct, and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body causing delusion.

Q. 362. Bhante! What about the bondage of infernal beings due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body.

A 362. Gautama! This bondage is acquired due to great slaughter, till great property, due to the intake of meat, slaughter of five-organ animals, and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body of an infernal being.

Q, 363. Bhante! What about the bondage of sub-human beings due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body?

A. 363. Gautama! This bondage is acquired due to attachment, deep attachment, false utterances, use of wrong weights and measures, and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body of an animal.

Q. 364. Bhante! What about the bondage of human beings due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body?

A. 364. Gautama! This bondage is acquired due to natural mildness, natural humility, kindness, absence of jealousy, and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body of a human being.

Q. 365. Bhante! What about the bondage of divine beings due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body?

A. 365. Gautama! This bondage is acquired due to restraint with attachment, partial restraint, misguided penance, part exhaustion of karma and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body of a divine being.

Q. 366. Bhante! What karma leads to a bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body giving an auspicious name?

A. 366. This type of bondage is acquired from the simplicity of body, simplicity of thought, simplicity of expression, simplicity of behaviour and for acquiring a name, relevant to a kārmaṇ body giving an auspicious name.

Q. 361. And what about one giving an inauspicious name, pray?

A. 367. Gautama! This is acquired from the duplicity of body, duplicity of thought, duplicity of expression, duplicity of behaviour and for acquiring a name relevant to a kārmaṇ body giving an inauspicious name.

Q, 368. Bhante! What karma leads to a bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body giving a high caste?

A. 368. Gautama! This is acquired when one discards the pride of caste, of lineage, of strength, of grace, of penance, of learning, of gain, of wealth, and when one acquires the name relevant to a kārmaṇ body giving a high caste.

Q. 369. And what about one giving a low caste, pray?

A. 369. Gautama! this is acquired due to the pride of caste, till of wealth, and when one acquires the name relevant to a kārmaṇ body giving a low caste.

Q. 370. And what about a bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body causing obstruction, pray?

A. 370. Gautama! This is acquired for creating obstruction to gift, gain, use, continuous use and valour, and for acquiring a name relevant to that type of kārmaṇ body.

Q. 371. Bhante! Is the bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body enshrouding knowledge a bondage of a part, or of the whole?

A. 371. Gautama! Bondage of a part, not of the whole, and like this, till karma causing obstruction.

Q. 372. Bhante! How long does the bondage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body obstructing knowledge last?

A. 372. Gautama! It has two varieties, viz., one without a beginning (and without an end, and the other with a beginning and with an end), repeat what has been stated about a fiery body, and this holds, till boṇdage due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body causing obstruction.

Q. 373. Bhante! How long is the time gap between one bondage and another due to the formation of a kārmaṇ body enshrouding knowledge?

A. 373. Gautama! Without a beginning (etc.,), as in the case of a fiery body, such is time gap (i.e., there is no gap), and this holds, till the kārmaṇ body causing obstruction.

Q. 374. Bhante! Of the bondage of a part arid no bondage in the case of a kārmaṇ body enshrouding knowledge, which ones are (less, till especially more)?

A. 374. More or less similar to a fiery body, except for karma giving life-span, and this holds good, till a kārmaṇ body causing obstruction.

Q. 375. And what about karma giving life-span?

A. 375. Gautama! In the case of karma giving life-span, smallest in number are these with the bondage of a part, and a countable number of times more arc those with no bondage.

Notes (based on commentary of Abhayadeva Sūri):

Q. 356. The acquisition of kārman śarīra is due to eight types of karma indentified by the Jainas. Six factors like hostility to knowledge and to wise men etc., are the cause of karma enshrouding knowledge. Similarly there are six enshrouding faith. Ten factors bind karma giving pleasant experiences and twelve factors bind karma giving unpleasant experiences. Six factors like violent rage, etc., give rise to karma causing delusion. Four factors impart life-span. Great endeavour, great acquisition, slaughter and taking meat give life in hell. Attachment, falsehood, etc., give animal life. Humility, politeness, compassion, etc., give the life of man. Restraint with attachment, part restraint, penances of a fool, etc., give life in heaven. Four factors, good as well as bad, generate karma giving a name. Pride, good or bad, determines the line of descent. Karma creating obstruction is generated from obstruction to gift, gain, enjoyment, etc.