Verse 7.47

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

मृगयाऽक्षो दिवास्वप्नः परिवादः स्त्रियो मदः ।
तौर्यत्रिकं वृथाट्या च कामजो दशको गणः ॥ ४७ ॥

mṛgayā'kṣo divāsvapnaḥ parivādaḥ striyo madaḥ |
tauryatrikaṃ vṛthāṭyā ca kāmajo daśako gaṇaḥ || 47 ||

Hunting, dice, sleeping during the day, censoriousness, women, intoxication, musical triad and listless wandering constitute the ten-fold set arising from the love of pleasure.—(47).

 

Medhātithi’s commentary (manubhāṣya):

Killing of animals for purposes of the chase is ‘Hunting’.

‘Dice’—Gambling with dice. That these two lead to evil consequences is well known.

‘Sleeping during the day’.—i.e., not acting at the time at which a certain action should be done. The term ‘divā’ here does not stand for the day only; this same idea being expressed elsewhere by means of the phrase ‘sleeping at the time of waking.’

Or, the term may betaken in its literal sense; sleeping during the day is positively prohibited, and it stands in the way of all business. This habit causes disappointment to men who want an interview with the king, and also to others; and as such becomes, a source of discontent among the people.

‘Censoriousness’—the criticising of other people’s faults in private. This displeases all men. As for the blaming of persons who do not deserve it, this is itself constitutes a sin.

‘Women’, ‘intoxication’—the fact of these two being evils is well known. ‘Musical triad i.e., dancing, singing and instrumental music.

‘Listless wandering’—walking about hither and thither, other for no purpose, or for a wicked purpose.

‘Tenfold’—which are ten in number.

‘Arising from the love of pleasure’, ‘Kāma—‘Kama’ is desire, from which they arise;—or they arise from a particular kind of pleasure;—or ‘Kāmya’ may mean arising from a particular experienced object.—(47).

 

Explanatory notes by Ganganath Jha

This verse is quoted in Parāśaramādhava (Ācāra, p. 413);—in Vīramitrodaya (Rājanīti, p. 147), which explains ‘parivādaḥ’ as ‘describing the defects of other persons—‘vṛthāṭyā’ as ‘listless wandering,’—and ‘tauryatrikam’ as ‘dancing, singing and music’;—in Vīramitrodaya (Lakṣaṇa, p. 198);—in Mitākṣarā (on 1.310);—in Smṛtitattva (p. 717), which explains ‘tauryatrikam’ as ‘dancing, singing and music’;—and again on p. 742, where ‘akṣa’ is explained as ‘gambling.’

 

Comparative notes by various authors

(verses 7.45-53)

See Comparative notes for Verse 7.45.