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Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions

Vyatirekaturyātīta (व्यतिरेकतुर्यातीत) (or simply Vyatireka) refers to the “separated turyātīta” (i.e., ‘a spiritual state which is separated from the saṃskāras but does not dissolve them’), according to the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvivṛtivimarśinī (KSTS vol. 65, 327–331).—Accordingly, “This is said [already in the Īśvarapratyabhijñāvimarśinī]: when the [true] I-sense, due to the power of the realization of its all-pervasiveness, eternality, etc., through the [scriptural] indication of its [innate] autonomy, emerges as it were from the objectified [levels of limited self-hood]—Void etc.—and abides [in its real nature], then that is the state [called] the Fourth. Nevertheless [in that state] the impressions of the Void, etc., still remain. Thus this has exactly the same [nature] as [that which is called] the ‘separated turyātīta [i.e., vyatirekaturyātīta]’”

Note: [iti vyatireka; conjectural emendation: iti avyatireka].—Following this emendation (Cf. Torella, proposed in an email, 15 July 2014) we can take vyatireka in the sense of kevala or kaivalya, i.e., a spiritual state which is separated from the saṃskāras but does not dissolve them. Even if we do not emend, we can still argue for the same meaning: avyatireka- could indicate that he is “unseparated” from his saṃskāras in the sense of still having them, though they are now powerless to obscure his real nature. However, the emendation makes for a clearer meaning. [...] The meaning here is clear enough (after applying Torella’s suggested emendation): the gnostic who does no yoga enters into a transcendental turya state in which he is authentically immersed in his essence, but the impressions of limited self-hood from which he has successfully separated (vyatireka) himself from remain undissolved (thus his social self might exhibit little to no change). Thus, Abhinava argues, the attainment of turyātīta of the vyatireka variety is in fact no different from the turya state itself. This obviously sets up the possibility of a higher attainment, an avyatirekaturyātīta in which one dissolves those impressions through practice, allowing the practitioner to be not-separated (avyatireka) from his body, mind, etc., yet still liberated; i.e. an immanentist state of liberation.

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

See also (Relevant definitions)

Partial matches: Turyatita, Vyatireka.

Full-text: Vyatireka.

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