Verse 634

Sanskrit text, Unicode transliteration and English translation by Ganganath Jha:

द्रव्याणां प्रतिषेधेन सर्व एव तदाश्रिताः ।
गुणकर्मादयोऽपास्ता भवन्त्येव तथा मताः ॥ ६३४ ॥

dravyāṇāṃ pratiṣedhena sarva eva tadāśritāḥ |
guṇakarmādayo'pāstā bhavantyeva tathā matāḥ || 634 ||

By the rejection of ‘substance’, ‘quality ‘action’ and the rest, which are held to be subsistent in substance, all become discarded.—(634)

 

Kamalaśīla’s commentary (tattvasaṃgrahapañjikā):

The Author now proceeds to discard the categories of ‘Quality’ and the rest:—[see verse 634 above]

‘Quality’, ‘Action’, ending with ‘Specific Individuality’, become rejected by the rejection of Substance’; because they subsist in this latter; and when the substratum is not there, the ‘subsistents’, which are dependent upon it, cannot be there.

‘Held to be, etc.’—i.e. held to be subsistent, either directly or indirectly, in Substance. For instance, Quality and Action are held to be directly subsistent in Substance; as declared in the Sūtra (Vaiśeṣika)—“Quality is subsistent in Substance, devoid of qualities, not the cause of Conjunction or Disjunction, independent”;—which is the definition provided of Quality; similarly the definition of Action provided is—“It subsists in one Substance, is devoid of Qualities, the independent cause of Conjunctions and Disjunctions The term ‘ekadravyam’ in this last Sūtra means ‘subsisting in one Substance —Qualities, on the other hand subsist, some of them, in several Substances; e.g. Conjunction, Disjunction and the rest. The Genus and the Specific Individuality subsist, some of them, in Substances only; e.g. such genuses, as ‘Earth’ and the like; while such genuses as ‘Quality’, ‘Action’ and so forth subsist in Qualities and Actions related to Substances.—The Summum genus—which is ‘Being’—subsists in the three categories beginning with ‘Substance’ [i.e. in Substance, Quality and Action].

Thus, when Substance has been rejected, Quality and the rest become rejected without any effort. What is meant by this is that the final upshot of the examination of the other Categories has been achieved under the examination of Substance itself.—(634)

Opponent:—“If that is so, then the Denial of Subsistence should be proceeded with separately.”

Answer:—[see verse 635 next]