Tajika, Tājika: 9 definitions
Introduction:
Tajika means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Tājika (ताजिक).—A Persian form of horoscopic astrology. Note: Tājika is a Sanskrit technical term used in ancient Indian sciences such as Astronomy, Mathematics and Geometry.
Tājika (ताजिक) refers to an Indian school of astrology chiefly associated with annual prognostication (varṣaphala, which is derived from and subordinate to the nativity) and interrogations (praśna).—According to Balabhadra’s Hāyanaratna: “The word tājika denotes the treatise (śāstra) composed by Yavanācārya in the Persian language, comprising one area of astrology and having for its outcome the prediction of the various kinds of results of annual [horoscopy] and so on. That same treatise was rendered into the Sanskrit language by those born after him, Samarasiṃha and other Brahmans versed in grammar, and that [work], too, is denoted by the word tājika”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
India history and geography
Tājika (ताजिक) refers to a Sanskritized version of Arabic-language astrology, sharing a Hellenistic core with pre-Islamic Indian jyotiṣa but comprising a number of additional doctrines which either had never reached India before or else had not survived there. The Arabic tradition itself was, in fact, an amalgam of astrological teachings and procedures borrowed from cultural areas that had preserved and developed the Hellenistic heritage in slightly different forms—notably Persia, but also Byzantium, Syria, and indeed India. Even after being translated into Sanskrit and to some extent adapted to Indian conditions, this new type of astrology differed sharply enough from the established one to form a separate school rather than merging with it.
The name Tājika (or Tājaka), generally understood to mean ‘Persian’, is derived from the Persian tāzīg meaning ‘Arab’, based in its turn on the Arabic tribal name Ṭayyiʾ. Synonyms used in Tājika works include Yavana (properly ‘Greek’, ultimately derived from Ἰά[ϝ]ονες, but used in this period of any foreign culture from the northwest), Turuṣka (‘Turkish’), and Tārtīyika/ Tārtīyaka, possibly meaning ‘Tataric’ in the generalized sense of ‘Muslim’.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Tājika (ताजिक).—
1) A Persian (mlecchaviśeṣaḥ); Kathāsaritsāgara 37. 36.
2) Name of a breed of an excellent horse; ताजिकाः खुरशालाश्च तुषाराश्चोत्तमा हयाः (tājikāḥ khuraśālāśca tuṣārāścottamā hayāḥ) Aśvachikitsā.
Derivable forms: tājikaḥ (ताजिकः).
See also (synonyms): tājita.
Tājika (ताजिक).—[masculine] a Persian.
1) Tājika (ताजिक) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—and—[commentary] by Keśava. B. 4, 140. 144.
2) Tājika (ताजिक):—by Nīlakaṇṭha. W. p. 262. Bik. 322. Oppert. 8042. Ii, 1979. 3181. 5218. Peters. 2, 193. Rice. 32. Proceed. Asb. 1865, 40.
—[commentary] Saralā by Govinda. K. 232. Peters. 2, 193.
—[commentary] Śiśubodhinī by Mādhava Jyotirvid. L. 1898. K. 242.
3) Tājika (ताजिक):—by Yavanācārya. B. 4, 144.
4) Tājika (ताजिक):—by Nīlakaṇṭha.
—[commentary] by Mādhava. add Io. 590. B. 4, 204. Oudh. 20, 132. Sūcīpattra. 21.
5) Tājika (ताजिक):—jy. by Nīlakaṇṭha. It consists of two parts, called Saṃjñātantra or Saṃjñāviveka, and Varṣatantra (or Samāviveka). See these and Nīlakaṇṭhī. Gov. Or. Libr. Madras 32. Io. 1122. 2306. 2521. 2692. Peters. 4, 35. 38 (Samāviveka). See Catal. Io. no. 3045 ff.
—[commentary] Saralā by Govinda. Rgb. 905.
—[commentary] Śiśubodhinī by Mādhava Jyotirvid. Io. 590. 2308. Peters. 4, 38 (on Samāviveka). Stein 163 (inc.).
—[commentary] by Viśvanātha. Peters. 4, 35. Stein 163 (inc.).
6) Tājika (ताजिक):—by Romakācārya. Oudh. Xx, 116.
7) Tājika (ताजिक):—jy. by Nīlakaṇṭha. Ulwar 1801. 1802.
—[commentary] Rasālā by his son Govinda. Ulwar 1801. Extr. 502.
—[commentary] Śiśubodhinī by Mādhava, son of Govinda, composed in 1634. Ulwar 1802. 1956.
1) Tājika (ताजिक):—[from tājaka] m. a Persian [plural] the Persians (cf. tarj and tāyika), [Kathāsaritsāgara xxxvii, 36; Romakasiddhānta] (also jīka)
2) [v.s. ...] Arab, inscr.
3) [v.s. ...] n. = jaka (e.g. -jyotir-maṇi, -praśnādhyāya, -śāstra, kālarṃkāra).
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+6): Tajika-Tajjika, Tajikabharana, Tajikabhavadhyaya, Tajikabhavavicara, Tajikabhushana, Tajikacandrika, Tajikacandrikavinoda, Tajikacintamani, Tajikadipaka, Tajikadivakara, Tajikagrantha manittha, Tajikajyotirmani, Tajikakalpalata, Tajikakalpalatabhava, Tajikakaustubha, Tajikalamkara, Tajikamani, Tajikanilakanthi, Tajikapaddhati, Tajikaratnakara.
Full-text (+195): Jirnatajika, Tajikashastra, Hillajatajika, Tajikaratnakara, Tajikatantra, Tayika, Tajaka, Tajikatantrasara, Tajikasaroddhara, Tajika-Tajjika, Tajikasamgraha, Tajikatilaka, Tajikacintamani, Tajikacandrika, Tajikanilakanthi, Shodashayoga, Yavanacarya, Samjnaviveka, Samjnatantra, Romaka.
Relevant text
Search found 16 books and stories containing Tajika, Tājika, Tajikas; (plurals include: Tajikas, Tājikas, Tajikases). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Notices of Sanskrit Manuscripts (by Rajendralala Mitra)
Hayanaratna: The Jewel of Annual Astrology (by Martin Gansten)
4. Technical Terms and Concepts < [Introduction]
2. The Tājika Teaching: Lawful and Useful < [Chapter 1 - Fundamentals of Astrology and the Annual Revolution]
3. The Hāyanaratna and Its Author < [Introduction]
Studies in Indian Literary History (by P. K. Gode)
21. Date of the Asvacikitsita of Nakula < [Volume 2 (1954)]
Subject-Index (of second volume) < [Volume 2 (1954)]
History of Science in South Asia
The Sanskrit and Arabic Sources of the Praśnatantra Attributed to Nīlakaṇṭha < [Vol. 2 (2014)]
Origins of the Tājika System of Astrological Aspects and Dignities < [Vol. 6 (2018)]
Notes on Some Sanskrit Astrological Authors < [Vol. 5 No. 1 (2017)]
Significance of the Moon in Ancient Civilizations (by Radhakrishnan. P)
2. Envision of Astrology in Vedic Sense < [Chapter 5 - Adoration of the Sun and Moon]
Kathasaritsagara (the Ocean of Story) (by Somadeva)