Gunja, Guñjā, Gumja: 29 definitions
Introduction:
Gunja means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi, biology. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Ayurveda (science of life)
Nighantu (Synonyms and Characteristics of Drugs and technical terms)
Source: WorldCat: Rāj nighaṇṭuGuñjā (गुञ्जा) is the Sanskrit name for a medicinal plant identified with Abrus precatorius (Indian licorice or rosary pea) from the Fabaceae or “legume family” of flowering plants, according to verse 3.113-116 of the 13th-century Raj Nighantu or Rājanighaṇṭu. Guñjā is commonly known in Hindi and Marathi as Guñjā, Rattī and Ghuṅghacī; in Bengali as Kunch; in Gujarati as Canothī; in Tamil as Gundamanī; and in Telugu as Gurugīniā.
Aśvakṣurā is mentioned as having two varieties (viz., Raktaguñjā and Śvetaguñjā) and a total of twenty-two synonyms.
Properties and characteristics: “both red (rakta) and white (śveta) Guñjā (India licorice root) have bitter taste (rasa). Its seeds are hot in nature and roots are emetic. Its leaves are pain killer, but poisonous. The leaves of Śveta Guñjā are said to be capable of subduing a person (if worn by one)”.
Toxicology (Study and Treatment of poison)
Source: Ancient Science of Life: Śodhana: An Ayurvedic process for detoxificationGuñjā (गुञ्जा) refers to the medicinal plant known as Abrus precatorius Linn.—Guñjā roots, seeds, and leaves have been used traditionally for their purgative, emetic, tonic, aphrodisiac, and hair growth promoting properties after being processed through Śodhana. Since ancient times, it has been used as fish poison, arrow poison and also for criminal purposes of poisoning both humans and cattle.
In Śodhana (detoxification) of Guñjā seeds, they are subjected to the svedana in dolā-yantra with Godugdha or Kāñji for 3–6 h. The Śodhita material is then subjected to washing with hot water and drying under shade. During the Śodhana process, color of the media changes due to the removal of colored materials from the endosperm of the seeds and subsequently there is loss in weight.
(cf. Āyurvedaprakāśa, Yogaratnākara, Rasataraṅgiṇī and Bhaiṣajyaratnāvalī)
Source: Shodhganga: Kasyapa Samhita—Text on Visha ChikitsaGuñjā (गुञ्जा) refers to an herbal ingredient which is included in a (snake) poison antidote recipe , according to the Kāśyapa Saṃhitā: an ancient Sanskrit text from the Pāñcarātra tradition dealing with both Tantra and Viṣacikitsā—an important topic from Āyurveda which deals with the study of Toxicology (Viṣavidyā or Sarpavidyā).—Kāśyapa prescribes various antidotes to quell the poison by administering them through nasal drugs, collyrium, ointment, herbal drinks and diet. According to Kāśyapasaṃhitā (verse VIII.23)—“Another nasal prescription as potent antidote for snake poison—a Nasya prepared from a paste of Guñjā, Hingu, Vakula, juice of the bark of Śigru and pepper, inhaled twice can form a formidable antidote to quell poison”.
Kalpa (Formulas, Drug prescriptions and other Medicinal preparations)
Source: Shodhganga: Edition translation and critical study of yogasarasamgraha1) Guñjā (गुञ्जा) or Ratti refers to a unit of measurement of weight (1 guñjā equals 125mg; 8 rattis = 1 māṣa = 1g), as defined in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning guñjā] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
A relative overview of weight-units is found below, guñjā indicated in bold. In case of liquids, the metric equivalents would be the corresponding litre and milliliters.
1 Ratti or Guñjā = 125mg,
8 Rattis - 1 Māṣa = 1g,
4 Māṣa - 1 Kaḻañc = 4g,
12 Māṣas - 1 Karṣa = 12g,
1 Karṣa /Akṣa - 1 Niṣka = 12g,
2 Karṣas - 1 Śukti = 24g,
2 Śukti - 1 Pala = 48g,
2 Palas - 1 Prasṛti = 96g,
2 Prasṛtis - 1 Kuḍava = 192g,
2 Kuḍava - 1 Mānikā = 384g,
2 Mānikās - 1 Prastha (Seru) = 768g,
4 Prasthas - 1 Āḍhaka (Kaṃsa) = 3.072kg,
4 Āḍhakas or Kalaśas - 1 Droṇa = 12.288kg,
2 Droṇas - 1 Surpa = 24.576kg,
2 Surpas - 1 Droṇī (Vahi) = 49.152kg,
4 Droṇīs - 1 Khari = 196.608kg,
1 Pala = 48g,
100 Palas - 1 Tulā = 4.8kg,
20 Tulās - 1 Bhāra = 96kg.
2) Guñjā (गुञ्जा) refers to the medicinal plant known as “Abrus precatorius Linn.” and is dealt with in the 15th-century Yogasārasaṅgraha (Yogasara-saṅgraha) by Vāsudeva: an unpublished Keralite work representing an Ayurvedic compendium of medicinal recipes. The Yogasārasaṃgraha [mentioning guñjā] deals with entire recipes in the route of administration, and thus deals with the knowledge of pharmacy (bhaiṣajya-kalpanā) which is a branch of pharmacology (dravyaguṇa).
Āyurveda (आयुर्वेद, ayurveda) is a branch of Indian science dealing with medicine, herbalism, taxology, anatomy, surgery, alchemy and related topics. Traditional practice of Āyurveda in ancient India dates back to at least the first millenium BC. Literature is commonly written in Sanskrit using various poetic metres.
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationGuñjā (गुञ्जा) refers to the berry, according to the Śivapurāṇa 1.25, while explaining the greatness of Rudrākṣa:—“[...] That [Rudrākṣa] which is of the size of a Guñjā (the berry) is conducive to the achievement of the fruit of all desires”.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Vaishnavism (Vaishava dharma)
Source: Pure Bhakti: Bhajana-rahasya - 2nd EditionGuñjā (गुञ्जा) refers to:—A small, bright red seed with a black patch on the top. This seed is said to represent Śrīmatī Rādhikā. (cf. Glossary page from Bhajana-Rahasya).
Vaishnava (वैष्णव, vaiṣṇava) or vaishnavism (vaiṣṇavism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshipping Vishnu as the supreme Lord. Similar to the Shaktism and Shaivism traditions, Vaishnavism also developed as an individual movement, famous for its exposition of the dashavatara (‘ten avatars of Vishnu’).
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramGuñja (गुञ्ज) (cf. Vedha) refers to the “resonance” (of the energy of the command—ājñā), according to the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—The piercing (vedha) (of the body) should take place in a moment (pala). What is not pierced by means of the resonance (guñja) (of the energy of the Command)? [...] Just as copper that has been “pierced” with alchemical mercury (rasa) never again becomes copper, similarly, he who has been pierced by the Command (never again) enters the world of transmigration
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Google Books: Studies in the History of the Exact Sciences (Astronomy)Guñja (गुञ्ज) refers to a unit of measurement, according to Kāśīnātha Upādhye’s Dharmasindhu, a commentary on the Rāma Daivajña’s Muhūrtacintāmaṇi (an astrological work).—Accordingly, “[...] Thus it has has been said in the third Skandha of the sacred Bhāgavata. Its meaning is [as follows]. Eighty guñjas make one karṣa. The same has the designation of suvarṇa. Four karṣas are one pala. Thus, a vessel should be made of six palas of copper; it should be pierced at the base by means of a needle made of twenty guñjas’ weight of gold and four aṅgulas in length. Through this perforation, by the time a prastha measure of water enters, that bowl sinks in the water, because of the prastha measure of water that filled it. Then that vessel becomes the standard measure for the period of one ghaṭī. There the unit of one prastha contains sixteen palas. [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)
Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric TraditionsGuñjā (गुञ्जा) refers to a “berry”, according to the Halāyudhastotra verse 34-35.—Accordingly, “The visitation of the wives of the distinguished sages in the Pine Park, the oblation with seed in Fire, the twilight dance: Your behaviour is not reprehensible. O Three-eyed one! The doctrines of the world do not touch those who have left worldly life, having passed far beyond the path of those whose minds are afflicted by false knowledge. The gods all wear gold and jewels as an ornament on their body. You do not even wear gold the size of a berry (guñjā-mātra) on your ear or on your hand. The one whose natural beauty, surpassing the path [of the world], flashes on his own body, has no regard for the extraneous ornaments of ordinary men”.
Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.
In Jainism
General definition (in Jainism)
Source: archive.org: TrisastisalakapurusacaritraGuñjā (गुञ्जा) refers to the Abrus precatorius which has red berries. [...] There is a tradition that monkeys will heap these up with the idea that they give off heat.
Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.
India history and geography
Source: Shodhganga: Cultural history as g leaned from kathasaritsagaraGunja is the name of a herb (oshadhi) mentioned in the Kathasaritsagara by Somadeva (10th century A.D). The red fruit of the Gunja plant, used by the Sabara ladies for making beautiful garlands, is also mentioned
Somadeva mentions many rich forests, gardens, various trees, creepers medicinal and flowering plants (e.g., Gunja) and fruit-bearing trees in the Kathasaritsagara. Gardens of herbs were specially maintained in big cities. Somadeva’s writing more or less reflects the life of the people of Northern India during the 11th century. His Kathasaritsagara (‘ocean of streams of story’), mentioning Gunja, is a famous Sanskrit epic story revolving around prince Naravahanadatta and his quest to become the emperor of the vidyadharas (celestial beings).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryGuñjā.—(IE 8-8; IA 26), same as raktikā or rati. (EI 12), a kettle-drum. Note: guñjā is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
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Guñjā.—same as rati or raktikā (1-83 or about 1(3/4) grains). Note: guñjā is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Biology (plants and animals)
Source: Wisdom Library: Local Names of Plants and DrugsGunja [গুঞ্জা] in the Bengali language is the name of a plant identified with Abrus precatorius L. from the Fabaceae (pea) family. For the possible medicinal usage of gunja, you can check this page for potential sources and references, although be aware that any some or none of the side-effects may not be mentioned here, wether they be harmful or beneficial to health.
Gunja [ગુંજા] in the Gujarati language, ibid. previous identification.
Gunja [ഗുഞ്ജ] in the Malayalam language, ibid. previous identification.
Gunja [गुंज] in the Marathi language, ibid. previous identification.
Gunja [ଗୁଞ୍ଜା] in the Odia language, ibid. previous identification.
Gunja [गुञ्जा] in the Sanskrit language, ibid. previous identification.
Gunja [గుంజ] in the Telugu language, ibid. previous identification.
Gunja [गुंजा] in the Nepali language is the name of a plant identified with Abrus pulchellus Thwaites from the Fabaceae (Pea) family having the following synonyms: Abrus laevigatus, Abrus stictosperma.
Source: Google Books: CRC World Dictionary (Regional names)1) Gunja in India is the name of a plant defined with Abrus fruticulosus in various botanical sources. This page contains potential references in Ayurveda, modern medicine, and other folk traditions or local practices It has the synonym Hoepfneria africana Vatke (among others).
2) Gunja is also identified with Abrus precatorius It has the synonym Abrus maculatus Noronha, nom. nud. (etc.).
3) Gunja is also identified with Guizotia abyssinica It has the synonym Verbesina sativa Roxb. ex Sims (etc.).
Example references for further research on medicinal uses or toxicity (see latin names for full list):
· Flora van Nederlandsch Indië (1855)
· Commentariorum de Plantis Africae Australioris (1836)
· For. Fl. Punj. (1956)
· Standard Shona Dictionary. (1959)
· Cat. Hort. Bot. Bogor. (1844)
· Systema Vegetabilium (1826)
If you are looking for specific details regarding Gunja, for example diet and recipes, side effects, extract dosage, pregnancy safety, chemical composition, health benefits, have a look at these references.
This sections includes definitions from the five kingdoms of living things: Animals, Plants, Fungi, Protists and Monera. It will include both the official binomial nomenclature (scientific names usually in Latin) as well as regional spellings and variants.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: BuddhaSasana: Concise Pali-English Dictionaryguñjā : (f.) the medicinal creeper Abrus Precatorius.
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryGuñjā, (f.) a plant (Abrus precatorius); the redness of its berries is referred to in similes; DhA.IV, 133 (°vaṇṇāni akkhīni). See also jiñjuka. (Page 252)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryguñja (गुंज).—f ē (guñjā S) A small plant (Abrus precatorius) bearing a red and black berry. It forms the smallest of the jeweler's weights, and is considered as equal to three barleycorns. 2 The berry or seed. Pr. hattī jātō nāhīntara guñja māratāta A monstrous crime or error may pass unnoticed, or (perhaps) the minutest peccadillo may be heavily visited. ("A camel may be swallowed, or a gnat may be strained out." Matt. xxiii. 24.) 3 unc f n An excrescence, knot, or knob upon a tree.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishguñja (गुंज).—f A small plant bearing a red and black berry. It forms the smallest of the jeweller's weights.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryGuñja (गुञ्ज).—
1) Humming.
2) A cluster of blossoms, bunch of flowers, a nosegay; cf. गुच्छ (guccha).
Derivable forms: guñjaḥ (गुञ्जः).
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Guñjā (गुञ्जा).—[guñj-ac]
1) A small shrub of that name, bearing a red black berry; अन्तर्विषमया (antarviṣamayā) (for °yyaḥ) ह्येता बहिश्चैव मनोरमाः । गुञ्जाफलसमाकारा योषितः केन निर्मिताः (hyetā bahiścaiva manoramāḥ | guñjāphalasamākārā yoṣitaḥ kena nirmitāḥ) || Pañcatantra (Bombay) 1. 196; किं जातु गुञ्जाफलभूषणानां सुवर्णकारेण वनेचराणाम् (kiṃ jātu guñjāphalabhūṣaṇānāṃ suvarṇakāreṇa vanecarāṇām) Vikr.1.25.
2) A berry of this shrub used as a weight, measuring on an average 1 grains Troy, or an artificial weight called Gunja measuring about 2 grains.
3) Humming, a low murmuring sound.
4) a kettle-drum; ...गुञ्जा जुगुञ्जुः करघट्टिताः (guñjā juguñjuḥ karaghaṭṭitāḥ) Bhaṭṭikāvya 14.2.
5) A tavern.
6) Reflection, meditation.
7) A kind of plant with a poisonous root.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryGuñja (गुञ्ज).—m.
(-ñjaḥ) A cluster of blossoms, a nosegay. f.
(-ñjā) 1. A small shrub, (Abrus precatorius,) bearing a red and black berry, which forms the smallest of the jeweller’s weights. 2. The berry which averages about 15-16 grains troy, or the artificial weight called by this name, weighing about 23. 16 grains: see raktikā &c. 3. A kettle drum. 4. A low murmuring sound. 5. A tavern. 6. Reflection, meditation. E. guji to sound, affix ka where the bees buz.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryGuñjā (गुञ्जा).—f. A small shrub, Abrus precatorius, Lin., bearing a berry which forms the smallest of the jeweller’s weights, [Pañcatantra] 93, 3.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryGuñja (गुञ्ज).—[masculine] gunjita [neuter] buzzing, humming.
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Guñjā (गुञ्जा).—[feminine] the Guñja berry (used as a weight).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Guñja (गुञ्ज):—[from guñj] m. humming, [Śārṅgadhara-paddhati]
2) [v.s. ...] (= guccha) a bunch, bundle, cluster of blossoms, nosegay, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) Guñjā (गुञ्जा):—[from guñja > guñj] f. humming, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
4) [v.s. ...] a kettle-drum, [Bhaṭṭi-kāvya xiv, 2]
5) [v.s. ...] Abrus precatorius (bearing a red and black berry which forms the smallest of the jeweller’s weights), [Suśruta; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā; Pañcatantra]
6) [v.s. ...] the berry of Abrus precatorius (averaging about 1 5/16 grains troy) or the artificial weight called after it (weighing about 2 3/16 grains, = 1/5 Ādya-māṣaka or Māṣaka, = 3 or 2 barley-corns, = 4 grains of rice, = 2 grains of wheat, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]; with physicians 7 Guñjās = 1 Mātha, with lawyers 7 1/2 Guñjās), [Yājñavalkya iii, 273; Cāṇakya; Varāha-mihira’s Bṛhat-saṃhitā]
7) [v.s. ...] a kind of plant with a poisonous root, [Suśruta v, 2, 3]
8) [v.s. ...] (= gañjā) a tavern, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] reflection, meditation, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] f. a drum, [Bhaṭṭi-kāvya]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryGuñja (गुञ्ज):—(ñjaḥ) 1. m. A cluster of blossoms, a nosegay. f. ñjā A small shrub (Abrus precatorius); a kettle-drum; a low sound; a tavern; reflexion.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Guñja (गुञ्ज) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Guṃja, Guṃjā.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Prakrit-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary1) Guṃja (गुंज) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Has.
2) Guṃja (गुंज) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Guñj.
3) Guṃja (गुंज) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Guñja.
4) Guṃjā (गुंजा) also relates to the Sanskrit word: Guñjā.
Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusGuṃja (ಗುಂಜ):—
1) [noun] the humming sound of a bee.
2) [noun] a sound imitating it.
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Guṃja (ಗುಂಜ):—[noun] = ಗುಂಜಿ [gumji].
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Guṃja (ಗುಂಜ):—[noun] that from which something comes into existence or derives; a source of supply.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+20): Gumjabharana, Gumjadu, Gumjagana, Gumjaladu, Gumjalaya, Gumjalia, Gumjaliya, Gumjanmadali, Gumjapramana, Gumjarisu, Gumjatkumja, Gumjavia, Gumjayishi, Gunjada, Gunjadi, Gunjaisa, Gunjaish, Gunjak, Gunjaka, Gunjakrit.
Ends with: Ardhagunja, Dholagunja, Dhora-gunja, Dhoragunja, Kalamukhigunja, Kulakkagunja, Kulakvagunja, Kulukkagunja, Lal gunja, Manjugunja, Nigumja, Nigumja, Raktagunja, Ratanagunja, Shvetagunja, Sitagunja, Tiktagunja, Vimshatigunja.
Full-text (+162): Adyamashaka, Gunjakrit, Gunjika, Gaunjika, Ganja, Krishnala, Gunj, Gunjavada, Angaravallari, Raktika, Gadyana, Kakadani, Gunjavala, Gunjada, Kanici, Patahika, Manjugunja, Cudamani, Ardhagunja, Tulavija.
Relevant text
Search found 53 books and stories containing Gunja, Guñjā, Guñja, Gumja, Guṃja, Guṃjā; (plurals include: Gunjas, Guñjās, Guñjas, Gumjas, Guṃjas, Guṃjās). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 1.12.13 < [Chapter 12 - Description of Śrī Nanda’s Festival]
Verse 5.19.21 < [Chapter 19 - The Festival on Śrī Kṛṣṇa Return]
Verse 3.2.12 < [Chapter 2 - The Great Festival of Śrī Girirāja]
Brihat Samhita (by N. Chidambaram Iyer)
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 3: Metals, Gems and other substances (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 12 - Dosage of taking iron < [Chapter IV - Metals (4): Lauha (iron)]
Part 5 - Extraction of oil from seeds of Gunja and Karanja < [Chapter XXXII - Extraction of oil from seeds]
Part 1 - Characteristics of Ruby (manikya) < [Chapter XV - Gems (3): Manikya (ruby)]
Bhakti-rasamrta-sindhu (by Śrīla Rūpa Gosvāmī)
Verse 2.3.74 < [Part 3 - Involuntary Ecstatic Expressions (sattvika-bhāva)]
Verse 3.3.28 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Verse 3.3.66 < [Part 3 - Fraternal Devotion (sakhya-rasa)]
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 5: Treatment of various afflictions (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Rasa Jala Nidhi, vol 1: Initiation, Mercury and Laboratory (by Bhudeb Mookerjee)
Part 2 - Measures of weight < [Chapter VII - Enumeration of technical terms]
Part 1 - Definitions of technical terms < [Chapter VII - Enumeration of technical terms]
Part 17 - Mercurial operations (15): Killing of mercury (marana) < [Chapter IV-V - Mercurial operations]
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