Sahitya-kaumudi by Baladeva Vidyabhushana

by Gaurapada Dāsa | 2015 | 234,703 words

Baladeva Vidyabhusana’s Sahitya-kaumudi covers all aspects of poetical theory except the topic of dramaturgy. All the definitions of poetical concepts are taken from Mammata’s Kavya-prakasha, the most authoritative work on Sanskrit poetical rhetoric. Baladeva Vidyabhushana added the eleventh chapter, where he expounds additional ornaments from Visv...

[This illustrates a construction solely based on the nature of the literal sense:]

प्रौढ-च्छेदानुरूपोच्छलन-रय-मिलत्-सैंहिकेयोपघात-
  त्रासाकृष्टार्व-तिर्यग्-वलित-रवि-रथेनारुणेनेक्ष्यमाणम् ।
कुर्वत् काकुत्स्थ-वीर्य-स्तुतिम् इव मरुतां कन्धरा-रन्ध्र-भाजां
  भाङ्-कारैर् भीमम् एतन् निपतति वियतः कौम्भकर्णोत्तमाङ्गम् ॥

prauḍha-cchedānurūpocchalana-raya-milat-saiṃhikeyopaghāta-
  trāsākṛṣṭārva-tiryag-valita-ravi-rathenāruṇenekṣyamāṇam
|
kurvat kākutstha-vīrya-stutim iva marutāṃ kandharā-randhra-bhājāṃ
  bhāṅ-kārair bhīmam etan nipatati viyataḥ kaumbhakarṇottamāṅgam
||

prauḍha—impetuous; cheda—with the severance; anurūpa—in conformity; ucchalana—going up; raya—on account of the speed; milat—[fear,] being met; saiṃhikeya—by Rāhu (“the son of Siṃhikā”); upaghāta—of a strike; trāsa—out of fear; ākṛṣṭa—who are pulled; arva—by means of the horses; tiryak—obliquely; valita—is turned; ravi—of the sun; rathena—he by whom the chariot; aruṇena—by Aruṇa (the sun’s charioteer); īkṣyamāṇam—being seen; kurvat—while doing; kākutstha—of Rāma (“the descendant of Kakutstha”); vīrya—of the prowess; stutim—the praise; iva—as if; marutām—of the winds; kandharā—of the neck (“it holds the head”); randhra—of the hole; bhājām—which partake; bhāṅ-kāraiḥ—because of sounds of “bhām”; bhīmam—dreadful; etat—this; nipatati—falls; viyataḥ—from the sky; kaumbhakarṇa—of Kumbhakarṇa; uttama-aṅgam—the head (“the high limb”).

Kumbhakarṇa’s head is falling from the sky. Seeing this, out of fear Aruṇa pulls aside the chariot of the sun with his horses, thinking thatRāhu is attempting to strike. His fear is justified by the increasing velocity of Kumbhakarṇa’s head as a result of Rāma’s impetuous severance of it. His dreadful head is as if praising Rāma’s prowess with the wooo sound occasioned by the friction of the wind on the hole of his neck. (Vīra-carita) (Kāvya-prakāśa, verse 351)

atra vācyasya kumbhakarṇa-śiraso bhīṣaṇatvenaujasvitvād uddhatā racanā.

Here a haughty construction exists because the literal sense, which is Kumbhakarṇa’s head, has vigor (ojas) in terms of being dreadful.

Commentary:

Govinda Ṭhakkura explains that the verse occurs in a drama, and the speaker is a bard, therefore, although a long compound is inappropriate in regard to those two, the construction of ojas is proper only because of the haughtiness of the literal sense, Kumbhakarṇa.[1]

Footnotes and references:

[1]:

atra vaktā vaitālikaḥ prabandhābhineyātmeti dīrgha-samāsanaucitye’pi vācyasya kumbhakarṇasyauddhatyād uddhatā racanādayaḥ (Kāvya-pradīpa). Nāgeśa Bhaṭṭa comments: uddhatā iti, tadīyauddhatya-vyañjanāyeti śeṣaḥ (Uddyota).

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