Rig Veda (translation and commentary)

by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382

The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...

Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.

Rig Veda 2.34.14

Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

ताँ इ॑या॒नो महि॒ वरू॑थमू॒तय॒ उप॒ घेदे॒ना नम॑सा गृणीमसि । त्रि॒तो न यान्पञ्च॒ होतॄ॑न॒भिष्ट॑य आव॒वर्त॒दव॑राञ्च॒क्रियाव॑से ॥
ताँ इयानो महि वरूथमूतय उप घेदेना नमसा गृणीमसि । त्रितो न यान्पञ्च होतॄनभिष्टय आववर्तदवराञ्चक्रियावसे ॥
tām̐ iyāno mahi varūtham ūtaya upa ghed enā namasā gṛṇīmasi | trito na yān pañca hotṝn abhiṣṭaya āvavartad avarāñ cakriyāvase ||

English translation:

“Imploring them for ample wealth, and (having recourse to him) for protection, we glorify them with this praise; like the five chief priests whom Trita detained for the (performance of) the sacrifice, and to protect it with their weapons.”

Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya

Like the five chief priests: trita na yān pañca hotṛn abhiṣṭaye āvavartad avarān cakriya āvase: the allusion is to the practice of mysticism, or yoga; the five hotṛs or offerers of the Soma, being the five vital airs, whom Trita, as a Yogi, suppressed, and compelled to concentrate themselves in the Cakra, or umbilical region for the attainement of superhuman faculties;

Avarān = homaniṣpādakān mukhyān, the chief offerers of the Soma; pañca hotṛn adhyātmaprāṇāpānādi pañca vṛttyātmanā vartmānān, ata eva homaniṣpādakān mukhyān, abiṣṭaye abhilaṣitasiddhyartham cakriyā nābhīcakreṇa avitum saṅgantum āvavartat; svasmān nirjigamiṣūn prāṇān svātmābhimukuham āvartayat, he compelled the vital airs, desirous of issuing from himself to turn back into the presence of himself, and to concentrate with the umbilical cakra, for the entire completion of the rite; (those airs being) the chief offerers of the oblation abiding in the spirit, as prāṇa, apāna and the rest, constituting the five ministering priests; a less mystical interpretation turns upon the sense of cakriyā, with a spear or lance, ṛṣṭyākhyena āyudhena

Details:

Ṛṣi (sage/seer): gṛtsamadaḥ śaunakaḥ [gṛtsamada śaunaka];
Devatā (deity/subject-matter): marūtaḥ;
Chandas (meter): jagatī ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;

Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:

तान् । इ॒या॒नः । महि॑ । वरू॑थम् । ऊ॒तये॑ । उप॑ । घ॒ । इत् । ए॒ना । नम॑सा । गृ॒णी॒म॒सि॒ । त्रि॒तः । न । यान् । पञ्च॑ । होतृ॑ॠन् । अ॒भिष्ट॑ये । आ॒ऽव॒वर्त॑त् । अव॑रान् । च॒क्रिया॑ । अव॑से ॥
तान् । इयानः । महि । वरूथम् । ऊतये । उप । घ । इत् । एना । नमसा । गृणीमसि । त्रितः । न । यान् । पञ्च । होतृॠन् । अभिष्टये । आववर्तत् । अवरान् । चक्रिया । अवसे ॥
tān | iyānaḥ | mahi | varūtham | ūtaye | upa | gha | it | enā | namasā | gṛṇīmasi | tritaḥ | na | yān | pañca | hotṛṝn | abhiṣṭaye | āvavartat | avarān | cakriyā | avase

Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda

[Rigveda 2.34.14 English analysis of grammar]

tāṃ < tad

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); respective(a); that; nominative; then; particular(a); genitive; instrumental; accusative; there; tad [word]; dative; once; same.”

iyāno < iyānaḥ < i

[verb noun], nominative, singular

“go; travel; enter (a state); return; walk; continue; reach; ask.”

mahi

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“great; firm.”

varūtham < varūtha

[noun], accusative, singular, neuter

“defense; protective covering.”

ūtaya < ūtaye < ūti

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

“aid; favor; ūti [word].”

upa

[adverb]

“towards; on; next.”

ghed < gha

[adverb]

ghed < id

[adverb]

“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”

enā < idam

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”

namasā < namas

[noun], instrumental, singular, neuter

“adoration; court; namas [word]; bow; salute.”

gṛṇīmasi < gṛ

[verb], plural, Present optative

“praise.”

trito < tritaḥ < trita

[noun], nominative, singular, masculine

“Trita.”

na

[adverb]

“not; like; no; na [word].”

yān < yad

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“who; which; yat [pronoun].”

pañca < pañcan

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“five; fifth; pañcan [word].”

hotṝn < hotṛ

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“Hotṛ.”

abhiṣṭaya < abhiṣṭaye < abhiṣṭi

[noun], dative, singular, feminine

“prevalence; protection.”

āvavartad < āvavartat < āvṛt < √vṛt

[verb], singular, Perfect conjunctive (subj.)

“melt; return; melt; to be reborn; turn; turn; revolve; roll.”

avarāñ < avarān < avara

[noun], accusative, plural, masculine

“worst; avara [word]; lower; nearer; base; short; low; abject; later(a); worse; antecedent.”

cakriyāvase < cakriyā < cakrī

[noun], instrumental, singular, feminine

“cakrikā.”

cakriyāvase < avase < av

[verb noun]

“support; help; prefer; prefer; like.”

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