Raurava: 25 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Purana
2. Shaktism
3. Shaivism
In Buddhism
In Jainism
1. General definition
Languages
1. Marathi
2. Sanskrit
3. Hindi
4. Prakrit
5. Kannada
See also
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Introduction:

Raurava means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Marathi, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

Alternative spellings of this word include Raurab.

In Hinduism

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia

Raurava (रौरव).—One of the twentyeight hells. For details see the part Naraka under the word Kāla.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana Index

1a) Raurava (रौरव).—One of the 28 hells ever burning and under the earth; he who is self-centred and accumulates wealth at the cost of others suffers here; especially from animals, called Rurus (s.v) more cruel than serpents.¹ False witnesses, men who are partial and speak untruth, people guilty of infanticide and of incendiarism go to this; also mahāraurava;² those who perform rituals with joy and wrath also go here; below this is the tapa.³

1) Bhāgavata-purāṇa III. 30. 28; V. 26. 7-11.
2) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa I. 1. 141; IV. 2. 146, 151-3, 180; 7. 76; 33. 60; Viṣṇu-purāṇa I. 6. 41; II. 6. 2, 7.
3) Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa II. 9. 65; Vāyu-purāṇa 101. 146, 151-2, 177, 180, 205; 110. 42.

1b) The flesh of the Ruru antelope for śrāddha.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 17. 34.

1c) The fifth kalpa.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 290. 4.

1d) A sūkta of the Sāma samhitā recited in tank ritual.^*

* Matsya-purāṇa 58. 37.

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Wisdom Library: Śrīmad Devī Bhāgavatam

Raurava (रौरव) refers to one of the thirty hells (naraka) mentioned in the Devī-bhāgavata-purāṇa 8.21 (on the narrative of hells). The hells are destinations where dead beings brought by messengers of Yama (the God of the Pitṛs), and get punished by him according to their karmas and faults.

The Devī-bhāgavata-purāṇa or Śrīmad-devī-bhāgavatam (mentioning Raurava), is categorised as a Mahāpurāṇa, a type of Sanskrit literature containing cultural information on ancient India, religious/spiritual prescriptions and a range of topics concerning the various arts and sciences. The whole text is composed of 18,000 metrical verses, possibly originating from before the 6th century.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Shaivism (Shaiva philosophy)

Source: Shodhganga: Iconographical representations of Śiva

Raurava (रौरव) or Rauravāgama refers to one of the twenty-eight Siddhāntāgama: a classification of the Śaiva division of Śaivāgamas. The Śaivāgamas represent the wisdom that has come down from lord Śiva, received by Pārvatī and accepted by Viṣṇu. The Śaivāgamas are divided into four groups viz. Śaiva, Pāśupata, Soma and Lākula. Śaiva is further divided in to Dakṣiṇa, Vāma and Siddhānta (e.g., raurava).

context information

Shaiva (शैव, śaiva) or Shaivism (śaivism) represents a tradition of Hinduism worshiping Shiva as the supreme being. Closely related to Shaktism, Shaiva literature includes a range of scriptures, including Tantras, while the root of this tradition may be traced back to the ancient Vedas.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Raurava (रौरव) refers to one of the eight great hells according to the “world of transmigration” section in the 2nd century Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter XXVII).—Accordingly, “The fourth and fifth great hells are Raurava and Mahārauva. The damned who are in these great hells have as guardians rākṣasas with heads yellow (pīta) like gold; their eyes shoot out fire and they are clothed in red cloaks (lohitavastra); their flesh is solid; their gait is as swift as the wind; their hands and feet are long; their mouth utters evil sounds; they hold tridents (triśūla) and forked arrows with which they stab and hurl at the damned like rain”.

Also, “in their previous lives, these unfortunate ones had traded with false weights and measures and given unjust sentences; they had not returned the supplies entrusted to them and had robbed their inferiors; they had tormented the poor (daridra), making them cry and weep; they had destroyed cities and neighborhoods, ravaged villages, killed and looted; in their perverse hatred against [certain clans], they had called to them from near the ramparts and then, by means of their tricks and deceitfulness, they had brought the people together and then massacred them. It is for all these crimes that they suffer all these punishments”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan Buddhism

Raurava (रौरव) is the name of a Śrāvaka mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Raurava).

Source: academia.edu: The Structure and Meanings of the Heruka Maṇḍala

Raurava (रौरव) is the name of a Vīra (hero) who, together with the Ḍākinī named Rauravī forms one of the 36 pairs situated in the Cittacakra, according to the 10th century Ḍākārṇava chapter 15. Accordingly, the cittacakra refers to one of the three divisions of the nirmāṇa-puṭa (‘emanation layer’), situated in the Herukamaṇḍala. The 36 pairs of Ḍākinīs and Vīras [viz., Raurava] are black in color; they each have one face and four arms; they hold a skull bowl, a skull staff, a small drum, and a knife.

context information

Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.

General definition (in Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Dharma-samgraha

Raurava (रौरव) refers to the “hot hell” and represents one of the “eight hot hells” (uṣṇa-naraka) as defined in the Dharma-saṃgraha (section 121). The Dharma-samgraha (Dharmasangraha) is an extensive glossary of Buddhist technical terms in Sanskrit (e.g., raurava). The work is attributed to Nagarjuna who lived around the 2nd century A.D.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: archive.org: Een Kritische Studie Van Svayambhūdeva’s Paümacariu

Raurava (रौरव) participated in the war between Rāma and Rāvaṇa, on the side of the latter, as mentioned in Svayambhūdeva’s Paumacariu (Padmacarita, Paumacariya or Rāmāyaṇapurāṇa) chapter 57ff. Svayambhū or Svayambhūdeva (8th or 9th century) was a Jain householder who probably lived in Karnataka. His work recounts the popular Rāma story as known from the older work Rāmāyaṇa (written by Vālmīki). Various chapters [mentioning Raurava] are dedicated to the humongous battle whose armies (known as akṣauhiṇīs) consisted of millions of soldiers, horses and elephants, etc.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Marathi-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionary

raurava (रौरव).—m S A particular naraka, a division of Hell. See under the popular ravarava.

--- OR ---

raurava (रौरव).—& rauravī Preferably ravarava & ravaravī.

Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-English

raurava (रौरव).—m A particular naraka. A division of Hell.

context information

Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Raurava (रौरव).—a. (-vī f.)

1) Made of the hide of Ruru; त्वचं स मेध्यां परिधाय रौरवीम् (tvacaṃ sa medhyāṃ paridhāya rauravīm) R.3.31.

2) Dreadful, terrible.

3) Fraudulent, dishonest.

-vaḥ 1 A savage.

2) Name of one of the hells; Manusmṛti 4.88; रौरवे कूटसाक्षी तु याति यश्चानृतो नरः (raurave kūṭasākṣī tu yāti yaścānṛto naraḥ) Mārkaṇḍeya P.; यदा रौरवादीन् स्मरन्नेव भीत्या (yadā rauravādīn smaranneva bhītyā) Śaṃkarāchārya.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Edgerton Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Dictionary

Raurava (रौरव).—m. (= Pali Roruva), name of a hot hell, very common: often followed by Mahāraurava, from which in Mahāvastu i.5.13. it seems to be specially distinguished as ekānta-raurava (mahā-r° occurs in 14); the two referred to as dvau ca rauravau Mahāvastu i.9.8 = iii.454.7 (verse); followed by mahā-r°, Mahāvyutpatti 4923; Dharmasaṃgraha 121; Divyāvadāna 67.22; 138.6; 366.28; Avadāna-śataka i.4.8, etc.; without mahā-r°, Mahāvastu iii.274.11; Kāraṇḍavvūha 18.12, et alibi.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Raurava (रौरव).—mfn.

(-vaḥ-vī-vaṃ) 1. Formidable, horrible, terrific. 2. Dishonest, fraudulent. 3. Unsteady, slipping. m.

(-vaḥ) 1. One of the divisions of Naraka or Tartarus. 2. A savage, a monster. E. rud to weep, deriv. irr.; or ruru said to mean a living being, aṇ aff.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Raurava (रौरव).—I. i. e. ruru + a, adj., f. vī. 1. Proceeding from the common deer (viz. flesh, etc.), [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 2, 41; 3, 269; [Uttara Rāmacarita, 2. ed. Calc., 1862.] 105, 11. 2. Unsteady. Ii. adj. 1. Formidable. 2. Dishonest. Iii. m. 1. The name of a hell, [Mānavadharmaśāstra] 4, 88. 2. A savage.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Raurava (रौरव).—[feminine] ī coming from the Ruru (a kind of deer); [masculine] a cert. hell.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Aufrecht Catalogus Catalogorum

Raurava (रौरव) as mentioned in Aufrecht’s Catalogus Catalogorum:—a teacher of Śaiva doctrine. Quoted by Abhinavagupta in Īśvarapratyāsattivimarśinī.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Raurava (रौरव):—mf(ī)n. ([from] ruru) coming from or made of the skin of the deer called Ruru, [Gṛhya-sūtra and śrauta-sūtra; Mahābhārata] etc.

2) fearful, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

3) unsteady, dishonest, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]

4) m. Name of one of the hells, [Manu-smṛti; Mahābhārata] etc. (personified as husband of Vedanā and father of Duḥkha, [Mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇa]; with Buddhists, one of the 8 hot hells, [Dharmasaṃgraha 121])

5) Name of the fifth Kalpa (q.v.)

6) a savage, monster, [Horace H. Wilson]

7) n. the fruit of the Ruru tree [gana] plakṣādi

8) Name of various Sāmans, [Ārṣeya-brāhmaṇa]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Raurava (रौरव):—[(vaḥ-vī-vaṃ) a.] Terrific, unsteady, dishonest. m. One of the divisions of hell; a monster.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Raurava (रौरव) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Raurava.

[Sanskrit to German]

Raurava in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Raurava (रौरव) [Also spelled raurab]:—(nm) the name of the worst of hells according to Hindu mythology.

context information

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Prakrit-English dictionary

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary

Raurava (रौरव) in the Prakrit language is related to the Sanskrit word: Raurava.

context information

Prakrit is an ancient language closely associated with both Pali and Sanskrit. Jain literature is often composed in this language or sub-dialects, such as the Agamas and their commentaries which are written in Ardhamagadhi and Maharashtri Prakrit. The earliest extant texts can be dated to as early as the 4th century BCE although core portions might be older.

Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Raurava (ರೌರವ):—

1) [adjective] made of the skin of the antelope ruru.

2) [adjective] causing terror; fearful; frightful; dreadful.

3) [adjective] not honest; cheating; dishonest.

--- OR ---

Raurava (ರೌರವ):—[noun] one of the most terrible hells.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Relevant text

Search found 50 books and stories containing Raurava; (plurals include: Rauravas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Verse 3.1.29 < [Chapter 1 - The Worship of Śrī Girirāja]

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Chapter II-a - Sermon on the Hells (naraka) < [Volume I]

Chapter II-f - The hell named Mahā-Raurava < [Volume I]

Chapter II-e - The hell named Raurava (...) < [Volume I]

+ 7 more chapters / show preview

Canto XII - Conversation between the father and son (continued)

Canto X - Conversation between a father and son

Canto L - The mandate to the Yakṣa Duḥsaha

+ 2 more chapters / show preview

Brahma-Sūtra 3.1.16 < [Adhikaraṇa 3 - Sūtras 12-21]

Brahma-Sūtra 3.1.15 < [Adhikaraṇa 3 - Sūtras 12-21]