Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories (Study)

by Diptimani Goswami | 2014 | 61,072 words

Hinduism Hindu Philosophy Nyaya

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Summary: This essay studies the Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories with special reference to the Tarkasangraha by Annambhatta.—Both Nyaya and Vaisesika are schools of ancient Indian Philosophy, and since early times they were compliment to each other, ultimately fusing together as Nyayavaisheshika. The categories (Sanskrit: padarthas) refers to “objects of cognition”, knowing which, liberation can be attained. While Gautama in his Nyayasutra mentiones sixteen categories, Kanada, in his Vaishesikasutra, mentions only six.

The Tarkasangraha of Annambhatta (1623 A.D.), together with his auto-commentary (the Dipika), deals with the Nyayavaisesika philosophy and is regarded as the most comprehenisive traditional treatise on this school. This study investigates how the Tarkasamgraha reflects the various categories of both Nyaya and Vaisheshika.

Source 1: exoticindiaart.com
Source 2: shodhganga.inflibnet.ac.in

Contents of this online book ( + / - )

The full text of the Nyaya-Vaisheshika categories (Study) in English is available here and publically accesible (free to read online). Of course, I would always recommend buying the book so you get the latest edition. You can see all this book’s content by visiting the pages in the below index:

Acknowledgement

+ Chapter 1 - Introduction

. Systems of Indian Philosophy

. Historical Survey of Nyāya System

. The Navya-Nyāya System

. Historical Survey of Vaiśeṣika System

. The Syncretic School of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika

. Date of Annaṃbhaṭṭa

. Life of Annaṃbhaṭṭa

. Works of Annaṃbhaṭṭa

. An Introduction to Tarkasaṃgraha

. The Commentaries on Tarkasaṃgraha

. Scope and Importance of the Present Study

+ Chapter 2 - Salient features of Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika System

. Categories or Padārthas (Introduction)

. Categories in the Nyāya system

. Categories in the Vaiśeṣika system

. Nyāya Concept of Pramāṇa (Introduction)

. Pramāṇa (1): Pratyakṣa or Perception

. Pramāṇa (2): Anumāna or Inference

. Pramāṇa (3): Upamāna or Comparison

. Pramāṇa (4): Śabda or Verval Testimony

. Ātmā or Self

. Mokṣa or Liberation

+ Chapter 3 - Dravya (Substance)

. The Nature of Substance (Dravya)

. Divisions of Substance

. Substance (1): Pṛthivī (Earth)

. Substance (2): Ap (Water)

. Substance (3): Tejas (Light)

. Substance (4): Vāyu (Air)

. Substance (5): Ākāśa (Ether)

. Substance (6): Kāla (Time)

. Substance (7): Dik (Space)

. Substance (8): Ātmā (Self)

. Substance (9): Manas (Mind)

. The Atomic Theory

. Process of Creation and Dissolution

+ Chapter 4 - Quality and Action

. The Nature of Quality (Guṇa)

. Divisions of Quality

. Different Types of Quality (Introduction)

. Qualities (1): Rūpa (Colour)

. Qualities (2): Rasa (Taste)

. Qualities (3): Gandha (Smell)

. Qualities (4): Sparśa (Touch)

. Qualities (5): Saṃkhyā (Number)

. Qualities (6): Parimāṇa (Dimension)

. Qualities (7): Pṛthaktva (Distinctness)

. Qualities (8): Saṃyoga (Conjunction)

. Qualities (9): Vibhāga (Disjunction)

. Qualities (10-11): Paratva and Aparatva (Priority and Posteriority)

. Qualities (12): Gurutva (Heaviness)

. Qualities (13): Dravatva (Fluidity)

. Qualities (14): Sneha (Viscidity)

. Qualities (15): Śabda (Sound)

. Qualities (16): Buddhi (Cognition)

. Qualities (17-18): Sukha and Duḥkha (Pleasure and Pain)

. Qualities (19-20): Icchā and Dveṣa (Desire and Aversion)

. Qualities (21): Prayatna (Effort)

. Qualities (22-23): Dharma and Adharma (Merit and Demerit)

. Qualities (24): Saṃskāra (Impression)

. Pākaja-guṇa

. Karma or Action (Introduction)

. Different types of Action (Karma)

+ Chapter 5 - Sāmānya and Viśeṣa

. Nature of Sāmānya (generality of universal)

. Conditions of Annulment of Universal

. Types of Sāmānya

. The Vaiśeṣika theory of Universal and the Conflict with the Buddhists

. Nature of Viśeṣa (particularity)

. Justification for postulating Viśeṣa

. Viśeṣa resides in all Nityadravyas

+ Chapter 6 - Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika theory of Relation

. Reality of Relation

. Different types of Relation

. Saṃyoga (Conjunction)

. Samavāya

. Viśeṣaṇatā Sambandha (Attributive Relation)

. Vṛttyaniyāmaka-sambandha (Non-Occurrent-Exacting Relation)

+ Chapter 7 - Abhāva (Non-existence)

. Abhāva as a Separate Category

. Nature of Abhāva

. Varieties of Abhāva (Introduction)

. Abhāva (1): Prāgabhāva

. Abhāva (2): Pradhvaṃsābhāva (Posterior Non-existence)

. Abhāva (3): Atyantābhāva (Absolute Non-existence)

. Abhāva (4): Anyonyābhāva (Mutual Non-Existence)

. Importance of Abhāva in Nyāya-Vaiśeṣika System

+ Chapter 8 - The Theory of Causation

. The Theory of Causation (Introduction)

. Svabhāvavāda or Yadṛcchāvāda

. Satkāryavāda

. Asatkāryavāda (a): Ārambha-vāda

. Asatkāryavāda (b): Pratītyasamutpāda-vāda

. Nature of Cause

. Different types of Causes (kāraṇa)

. Anyathāsiddha (Superfluity)

Chapter 9 - Conclusion

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Last Updated: 16 December, 2022

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