Rig Veda (translation and commentary)
by H. H. Wilson | 1866 | 1,999,864 words | ISBN-10: 8171101380 | ISBN-13: 9788171101382
The Rig-Veda, English translation, including the commentary of Sayana and grammatical analysis. The hyms of the Rigveda Samhita represents some of the oldest and complex of Hindu Sanskrit literature. In ten books, these mantras form the core essence of rituals and ceremonies once widely performed throughout ancient India. This edition contains the...
Disclaimer: These are translations of Sanskrit texts and are not necessarily approved by everyone associated with the traditions connected to these texts. Consult the source and original scripture in case of doubt.
Rig Veda 10.88.17
Sanskrit text [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यत्रा॒ वदे॑ते॒ अव॑र॒: पर॑श्च यज्ञ॒न्यो॑: कत॒रो नौ॒ वि वे॑द । आ शे॑कु॒रित्स॑ध॒मादं॒ सखा॑यो॒ नक्ष॑न्त य॒ज्ञं क इ॒दं वि वो॑चत् ॥
यत्रा वदेते अवरः परश्च यज्ञन्योः कतरो नौ वि वेद । आ शेकुरित्सधमादं सखायो नक्षन्त यज्ञं क इदं वि वोचत् ॥
yatrā vadete avaraḥ paraś ca yajñanyoḥ kataro nau vi veda | ā śekur it sadhamādaṃ sakhāyo nakṣanta yajñaṃ ka idaṃ vi vocat ||
English translation:
“When the lower and upper (fire) disputed "which of us twain leaders of sacrifice knows the work best?"then the friends (the priests) were competent (to offer) sacrifice, they came to the sacrifice; who declares this?”
Commentary by Sāyaṇa: Ṛgveda-bhāṣya
Lower and upper fire: the lower fire is Agni, or the terrestrial fire; the upper fire is Vāyu, or the intermediate fire
Details:
Ṛṣi (sage/seer): mūrdhanvānāṅgiraso vāmadevyo vā [mūrdhanvānāṅgirasa vāmadevya vā];Devatā (deity/subject-matter): sūryavaiśvānarau ;
Chandas (meter): nicṛttriṣṭup ;
Svara (tone/note): Swar;
Padapatha [Accents, Plain, Transliterated]:
यत्र॑ । वदे॑ते॒ इति॑ । अव॑रः । परः॑ । च॒ । य॒ज्ञ॒ऽन्योः॑ । क॒त॒रः । नौ॒ । वि । वे॒द॒ । आ । शे॒कुः॒ । इत् । स॒ध॒ऽमाद॑म् । सखा॑यः । नक्ष॑न्त । य॒ज्ञम् । कः । इ॒दम् । वि । वो॒च॒त् ॥
यत्र । वदेते इति । अवरः । परः । च । यज्ञन्योः । कतरः । नौ । वि । वेद । आ । शेकुः । इत् । सधमादम् । सखायः । नक्षन्त । यज्ञम् । कः । इदम् । वि । वोचत् ॥
yatra | vadeteiti | avaraḥ | paraḥ | ca | yajña-nyoḥ | kataraḥ | nau | vi | veda | ā | śekuḥ | it | sadha-mādam | sakhāyaḥ | nakṣanta | yajñam | kaḥ | idam | vi | vocat
Multi-layer Annotation of the Ṛgveda
[Rigveda 10.88.17 English analysis of grammar]
[adverb]
“wherein; once [when].”
[verb], dual, Present indikative
“describe; teach; speak; tell; say; call; name; enumerate; declare; diagnose; address; say; pronounce; express; instruct; order.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“worst; avara [word]; lower; nearer; base; short; low; abject; later(a); worse; antecedent.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“best; other; following; devoted(p); extreme; highest; otherwordly; better; hostile; maximal; distant; another(a); para [word]; upper; concluding; foreign; earlier; worse; longer; finest; excessive.”
[adverb]
“and; besides; then; now; even.”
[noun], genitive, dual, masculine
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“katara [word]; who.”
[noun], genitive, dual
“I; mine.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Perfect indicative
“know; diagnose; perceive; know; accord; notice; deem; mind; learn; specify; watch; recognize; detect; call.”
[adverb]
“towards; ākāra; until; ā; since; according to; ā [suffix].”
[verb], plural, Perfect indicative
“can; invigorate.”
[adverb]
“indeed; assuredly; entirely.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“banquet; party; drink.”
[noun], nominative, plural, masculine
“friend; companion; sakhi [word].”
[verb], plural, Present injunctive
“reach; approach.”
[noun], accusative, singular, masculine
“yajña; religious ceremony; Vishnu; yajña [word]; Yajña; Shiva.”
[noun], nominative, singular, masculine
“what; who; ka [pronoun].”
[noun], accusative, singular, neuter
“this; he,she,it (pers. pron.); here.”
[adverb]
“apart; away; away.”
[verb], singular, Aorist inj. (proh.)
“say; describe; name; tell; address; enumerate; call; state; teach; explain; say; declare; speak; define; declare; order; address; recommend; answer; deem; recite; approve; proclaim; indicate; determine; mention; designate.”