Chapter 13 - Symptoms and treatment of Pandu (anemia) and Kamala (jaundice)

Classification of Pandu (anemia):—

This disease is of five different kinds, according as it is due to (a) vayu, (b) pitta, (c) kapha, (d) combination of the three, and (e) eating of earth.

Symptoms of anemia:—

Discolouredness, swelling of the limbs, emaciation, loss of weight, and fatigue—are the symptoms of the disease.

Causes and symptoms of Kamala (jaundice):—

If a man suffering from anemia (pandu) takes such food or per forms such acts as increase pitta, His blood and flesh are burnt, as it were, by the abnormal excess of pitta (animal heat) giving rise to kamala or jaundice. The eyes, skin, hails, and face of such a patient grow highly yellowish. His urine and stool become reddish yellow. His colour becomes yellow like a frog of the same colour, and his sense-organs are enfeebled. He also suffers from a heating sensation, indigestion, weakness, fatigue, and aversion to food. Jaundice is a diseases due to a profuse excess of pitta. It affects the intestines as well as the nerves, arteries, and the other passages carrying blood and the other fluids.

Cause and symptoms of halimaka (Jaundice of a malignant type):

When the colour of a jaundiced patient becomes partially blackish red, mixed with yellow, and he suffers from loss of strength and enthusiasm, drowsiness, dullness of digesting heat, slow fever, lack of desire for sexual indulgence, pain in the limbs, sensation of heat, thirst, aversion to food, and vertigo, it is to be considered that he has got an attack of halimaka.

Causes and symptoms of kumbha-kamala:—

Kamala or jaundice is due to any of the two causes, viz. (1) burning or putrefaction of the flesh and blood by excessive pitta, and (2) rakta-pitta or hemoptysis (which is of course due to an excess of pitta). Jaundice is indicated by vertigo, thirst, putrefaction of food before it is digested with the formation of acidity, and yellowishness of the eyes and stools, If neglected, it is followed by swelling of the limbs, and is termed Kumbha-Kamala (pandu-shofa or shofa-pandu).

Treatment of Pandu and Kamala.

The treatment of kamala may also be applicable to kumbha kamala. The treatment of pandu and kamala may also be applied to halimaka.

Simple remedies:

(1) Jaundice is cured in a month, if one fourth of a tola of the powder of the five different parts of devadali (viz. its leaves, bark, flower, fruits, and roots), mixed with milk or water, is taken every morning.

(2) Half a tola, each, of the roots of apamarga and shami, pestled together with butter-milk, and taken every morning, cures anemia, jaundice, and swelling.

(3) Haritaki, mixed with molasses, taken constantly (i.e., every morning for some time) cures anemia.

(4) Cow’s milk, drunk with powdered shunthi, cures jaundice.

(5) One tola of powdered turmeric, mixed with four tolas of curd, taken every morning, cures jaundice.

(6) Juice of any one of the following, mixed with honey, and taken every morning, cures jaundice triphala, guduchi daruharidra, and himba.

(7) Jaundice is cured by any one of the two used as a collyrium, (applicable in both the eyes, at night):—(a) juice of dronapuspi or (b) powdered turmeric, red ochre, and amalaki, taken in equal quantities..

(8) Anemia, jaundice, and halimaka are cured by sniffing the roots of karkota (pestled with water) or the fruits of devadali, powdered or pestled with water,

(9) Jaundice is cured very quickly by sniffing the juice of kanya,

(10) Jaundice is cured by taking the leaves of guruchi, pestled with butter-milk.

Iatro-Chemical treatment of Pandu, Kamala, Etc.

Lauha-bhasma.

Incinerated iron of excellent quality, taken with a little of honey and clarified butter, cures anemia and jaundice.

Hama-mandura.

(See page 95, vol. III.)

One tola of this mandura is to be taken, every morning with an equal quantity of clarified butter.

Vyosadi Lauha.

Jaundice is cured by licking every morning any one of the following two, mixed with a little of honey and clarified butter (a) iron, trikatu, and vidanga, mixed together in equal quantities; (b) haridra (turmeric) mixed with triphala, in equal quantities.

Shivadi Lauha.

Jaundice is cured by licking every morning any one of the two following:—(a) equal quantities of iron, haritaki, and haridra, mixed with honey and clarified butter or (b) haritaki, mixed, with honey and molasses.

Aksa Mandura.

Mandura, burnt for eight times with the fire made of bibhitaki wood, and immersed, after each act of burning, into cow’s urine, is to be reduced to powder and taken (every morning in doses of six raktis a day) with a little of honey. This cures kumbha-kamala (or jaundice with swelling of limbs).

Jalada Lauha.

Equal quantities of incinerated iron and powdered musta, mixed with the decoction of khadira wood, cures halimaka.

Valadi Lauha.

One part, each, of sugar, katuki, bala, jasti-madhu, triphala, haridra and daru-haridra, and seven parts of iron are to be mixed together, and taken (in doses of twelve raktis, a day) with honey and clarified butter. This medicine cures halimaka.

Yoga-raja.

Three parts of triphala, the same quantitiy of trikatu, one part, each, of roots of chitraka and vidanga, five parts, each, of shilajatu, silver, copper-pyrites, and iron, and eight parts of sugar—all finely powdered, are to he mixed together and smeared with honey. Dose, one tola, a day. Kulattha, Kaka-machi, Kapota, and other articles having “K” at the beginning of their name (see page 204 vol. I) should be avoided at the time of taking this medicine. It is a curer of pandu, poison, cough, consumption, chronic fever, and other diseases. It retards senile decay.

Navayasa Churna.

One part, each, of shunthi, pippali, maricha, haritaki, amalaki, bibhitaki, musta, vidanga, and roofs of chitraka is to be mixed with nine parts of incinerated iron. This medicine cures anemia, heart-disease, leprosy, piles, and jaundice, if taken with honey and clarified butter. (Dose, six raktis, each).

Nisha Lauha.

One part, each, of haridra, daru-haridra, haritaki, amalaki, bibhitaki, and katuki is to be mixed with six parts of iron. This medicine cures anemia and jaundice, if taken with honey and clarified butter.

Trika-trayadi lauha.

Ope pala, each, of mandura and sugar, and ope tola, each, of kanta iron (lode-stone), shunthi, pippali, maricha, haritaki, amalaki, bibhitaki, roots of chitraka, musta, and vidanga, are to be rubbed together, in a pot made of iron or earth, with one pala, each, of clarified butter made of cow’s milk and honey, and exposed to the rays of the sun in day time and to open air at night (for seven days). This medicine is to be taken at three different times, viz., at the beginning, middle, and close of a meal. This medicine cures jaundice, anemia, halimaka, acidity, shula, cough, spleen, asthma, fever, epilepsy, insanity, gulma, indigestion, etc.

Ksapadi lauha.

Equal quantities of amalaki, iron, trikatu, turmeric, honey, clarified butter, and sugar are to be mixed together. This medicine cures jaundice and halimaka.

Vidangadi lauha.

One part, each, of vidanga, triphala, and trikatu, and three parts of iron are to he mixed together. This medicine cures anemia, jaundice, and swelling due to anemia, if taken with old molasses, for seven days only.

Astadashanga lauha.

One part, each, of kirata-tikta, deva-daru, daru haridra, musta, guruchi, katuki, leaves of patola, duralabha, parpata, bark of nimba, trikatu, roots of chitraka, triphala, and vidanga; and fourteen parts of iron are to be rubbed together with honey and clarified butter, and made into pills (six raktis in weight, each), to be taken with butter-milk. This medicine cures pandu, halimaka, swelling due to anemia, prameha; grahani, asthma, cough, rakta-pitta, piles, rheumatism, boils, gulma, leucoderma, and leprosy.

Darvyadi lauha.

One part, each, of daruharidra, triphala, trikatu, and vidanga, and four parts of iron are to be mixed together. This medicine cures pandu and kamala, if taken (in doses of six raktis, each) with honey and clarified butter.

Vajra mandura.

Two tolas, each, of panchakola (pippali, roots of pippali, chavya, roots of chitraka, and shunthi), maricha, devadaru, triphala, vidanga, and musta; and twenty four tola’s of mandura are to be boiled in 288 tolas of cow’s urine tilt the whole thing turns semi-solid. Dose, one tola, a day, to be taken with butter-milk. Diet, butter-milk. This medicine cures anemia, indigestion, aversion to food, piles, grahani, udara, urustambha (carbuncle in the thigh), worms, spleen, and diseases affecting the throat.

Punarnavadi mandura.

One part, each, of powdered punarnava, trivrit, shunthi, pippali, maricha, vidanga, devadaru, chitraka, puskara, triphala, haridra, daru-haridra, danti, chavya, seeds of kutaja, katuki, roots of pippali, and musta; and thirty-six parts of incinerated mandura are to be boiled together with 432 parts of cow’s urine till the whole thing turns semi-solid.

The product is then to be kept in an earthen pot, the inner surface of which is besmeared with clarified butter. This medicine cures pandu, swelling due to it, udara-roga, anaha, shula, arshas (piles), worms, and gulma.

Panchamrita-lauha-mandura.

Eleven parts of incinerated mandura are to be boiled with forty-four parts of cow’s urine and eighty-eight parts of the decoction of punarnava, till the liquid portion is much dried up. One part, each, of the following is then to be mixed with the product, and the heat is to be continued mildly till the whole thing turns semi-solid:—iron, copper, sulphur, mica, mercury, trikatu, triphala musta, vidanga, roots of chitraka, kirata-tikta, devadaru, haridra, daru-haridra, puskara-mula, jamani, jira, black-jira, shathi, dhanya, chavya, and iron. The product is then to be mixed with four tolas of honey. (Dose, one fourth of a tola) to be taken in the morning with the juice of kokilaksha. This medicine cures due to anemia, anemia, jaundice, indigestion, jirna (remittent) fever, enlargement of spleen and liver, gulma, udara-roga, cough, asthma, and catarrh. It increases beauty and nutrition.

Tryusanadi mandura.

One hundred and seventy six tolas of incinerated mandura is to be boiled with eight times its weight of cow’s urine, till about ⅞th of the liquid is dried up. Eight tolas, each, of the following are then to be mixed with the product, and the heat to be continued mildly till the whole thing turns semi-solid trikatu, triphala, musta, vidanga, chavya, chitraka, daru-haridra, guratwak, svarna-makshika, roots of pippali, and deva-daru. Dose, one tola a day, to be taken with butter-milk. This medicine cures pandu, leprosy, etc.

Bhuvana-sundara rasa.

One part of mercury, eight parts of iron, and five parts, each, of. sulphur, triphala, exudation of capock tree, mushali, and essence of guduchi are to be mixed together, and subjected to bhavana with the decoction of triphla, for twenty times in ten days; and for eight times, each, with the juices of the roots of shigru and chitraka. Dose, one fourth of a tola, to be taken with sugar and honey. This medicines cures swelling due to anemia, pandu, consumption, and fever with diarrhoea.

Chandra-suryatmaka-rasa.

Four tolas, each, of mercury, sulphur, iron, and mica; two tolas, each, of incinerated conch-shell, borax, and cowri-shells; and four tolas of the seeds of gokshura are to be rubbed together, and subjected to bhavana, in a hot mortar, with the juice or decoction of each of the following, separately:—patola leaves, parpata, bhargi, bidari, shatapuspi, guduchi; vasaka, danti, kakamachi, indra-varuni, punar-nava, kesharaja, shalincha and dronapuspi, Pills are then to be made, one rakti in weight, each, to be taken with goat’s milk. Fourteen such pills are to be taken every day. This medicine cures halimaka, pandu, kamala, jirna and visama fever, rakta-pitta, etc.

Prana-toshana rasa.

Equal quantities of mercury, sulphur, iron, copper, cowri-shells, copper-sulphate, hingu, triphala, roots of snuhi, java-kshara, croton seeds, borax, and trivrit are to be rubbed together, and subjected to bhavana with goat’s milk. Pills are then to be made, four raktis in weight, each, to be taken with water and honey. This medicine cures kamala, pandu, shlipada (elephantiasis), etc.

Shavasana rasa.

Equal quantities of mercury, sulphur, copper, mica, guggulu, and seeds of croton, are to be rubbed together with clarified butter, and made into pills, three raktis in weight, each. This medicine cures pandu, and swelling due to pandu.

Pandu-sudana rasa.

Equal quantity of mercury, sulphur, copper, croton seeds, and guggulu are to be rubbed together with clarified butter, and made into pills, one rakti in weight, each. Drinking of cold water and sours are to be specially avoided at the time of taking this medicine.

Pandu-panchanana rasa.

Fifty-four tolas of incinerated mandura are to be boiled with eight times its weight of cow’s urine and reduced to about half its quantity, when the following are to be mixed with it, and the heat continued mildly till the whole thing turns semi-solid:—four tolas, each, of iron, mica, and copper, and one tola, each, of trikata, triphala, danti, chavya, black jira, roots of chitraka, haridra, daru-haridra, roots of trivrit, tuber of mana, seeds of kutaja, katuki, devadaru, vacha, and musta. This medicine is to be taken in the morning with hot water. It cures halimaka, pandu, etc.

Anandodaya rasa.

One part, each, of mercury, sulphur, iron, mica, and aconite, eight parts of maricha, and four parts of borax are to be rubbed together, and subjected to bhavana for seven times, each, with the juices of bhringaraja and sour pomegranates. Dose, two raktis, a day, to be taken in the afternoon with a piece of betel leaf. This medicine cures pandu, grahani, aversion to food, etc.

Kala-viddhanshana rasa.

One part, each, of purified mercury, gold, silver, and copper are to be rubbed together, for one day, with Juice of big lime fruits. The lump, thus prepared, is then to be mixed again with four parts of purified mercury, and rubbed with the same juice, the whole thing being made into a sort of paste, which is to be put inside a dhattura fruit, and boiled for three days by means of Dola-yantra, filled up with the juice of dhattura leaves. Fresh juice of these leaves is to be poured, again and again, into the Yantra as soon as the juice in, it is sufficiently reduced by heating. The lump is then to be taken out of the Dola-yantra, wrapped up in a piece of cloth, and put into an 1st aka Yantra (see page 270, Vol. I.) Purifiied sulphur, equal in weight to the lump, is to be rubbed with lime juice and made into a paste, with which is to be coated the whole of the surface of the lump, which is now to be heated by laghuputa (i.e., kapota-puta—see page 296, Vol. I). Purified sulphur, six times in weight, in aggregate, of the lamp, is to be consumed by heating in the above way. The. lump is then to be powdered and rubbed for one day with an equal quantity of incinerated iron. The compound is then to be rubbed for one day with the juice or decoction of kantakari and made into a lump, which is to be dried and subjected to heat by means of cow-dung cakes by kapota-puta. The product is again to be rubbed and subjected to bhavana, for three times, with the same juice or decoction (viz. of kantakari); for two times, each, with the juice or decoction of roots of chitraka, arka, and karanja, It is then to be subjected to heat by kapota-puta. The product is then to be taken out, powdered, and mixed with one tenth its quantity of aconite. Dose, one rakti, a day. A little of haritaki, pestled with cow’s urine, is to be drunk after taking this medicine. This medicine cures anemia.

Devadideva rasa.

Two and half tola, each, of mercury and sulphur are to be rubbed together, and made into a kajjali or black powder, with which is to be rubbed, one tola, each, of kanta iron, gold, copper, silver, and mica, all very finely powdered. All these are then to be rubbed together with ten tolas of copper pyrites. In a crucible put eight tolas of powdered haritala, upon which is to be put the powder mentioned above. Upon this powder put eight tolas of realgar. The crucible is then to be duly closed, dried, and heated, at night, by Gajaputa, When cooled by itself by radiation of heat, the product is to be taken out and powdered. It is then to be weighed. (Most probably it will weigh 35 tolas). These thirty-five tolas of the product is to be mixed with thirty five tola’s of kajjali or black powder formed but of seven tolas of mercury and twenty eight tolas of sulphur and rubbed together with the juice of matulunga (citrus fruit), and heated by krora-puta (i.e., kapota-puta). Such an act of rubbing with the juice of matulunga and heating by kapota-puta is to be performed for ten times. The product is then to be powdered, mixed with a powder, formed by rubbing together seven tolas of mercury and twenty eight tolas of orpiment, and rubbed together with the juice of matulunga (citrus). It is then to be put inside a puta, dried, and heated by kapota-puta. This act of rubbing with matulunga juice and then heating by kapota-puta is to be performed for ten times. The product is then to be powdered, and mixed with one sixteenth its weight of incinerated vaikranta (garnet). This medicines is equal in its properties to the maha-rasas (i.e., the best preparations of mercury, such as Vajra-panjar-rasa, panchamrita—see pages 191—92, Vol. I). It is the best of all ordinary iatro-chemical preparations. (Dose, one rakti, a day). It cures all sorts of anemia, if taken with haritaki, shurana, shunthi, and clarified butter. Moreover, it cures phthisis, udara-rogas, jaundice (kamala), paralysis, and other diseases due to an abnormal excess of vayu, constipation, leprosy, grahani, fever with diarrhoea, asthma, cough, aversion to food, piles, slowness of the digesting heat, spermatorrea, gulma, etc. Bilva fruit is not to be taken at the time of taking this medicine. If a man, having no disease, takes this medicine he need not observe any restrictions about diet, but a diseased man should observe the restrictions peculiar to his disease.

Arogya-sagara rasa.

One pala, each, of sulphur and mercury is to be rubbed together to form a kajjali or black powder, with which are to be rubbed together two palas of copper-pyrites, one pala of orpiment, one pala of realgar, one pala of mica, and one karsha (tola) of borax. The compound, thus formed, is to be put inside a Crucible which is to be turned up-side-down upon a thin piece of pure copper foil, three tolas in weight. By means of this copper foil the crucible is to be covered on all sides, the mouth of the crucible being kept inwards. The crucible, thus covered, is to be coated on all sides with mud and rags. It is then to be dried, and heated by Gajaputa. When cooled, the crucible is to be freed from burnt mud and rags, when it will be found in the state of a lump. It is then to be powdered very finely and mixed with an equal quantity of a powder comprising equal quantities of sulphur, orpiment, and realgar. The compound is then to be heated by krora-puta (kapota-puta) for ten times. The product is then to be rubbed with one twentieth its weight of incinerated garnet, and duly sifted by means of a piece of cloth. The medicine, thus prepared, is to be kept in a silver pot. It is to be taken in doses of two raktis, each, with a little of powdered maricha and clarified batter. This medicine cures anemia, aversion to food, diseases affecting the rectum, an abnormal excess of vayu, pitta, and kappa, gulma, flatulence, swelling, asthama, head-diseases, vomiting, slowness of the digesting heat, malignant udavarta, strange fevers, eta.

Pandu-shosana rasa.

Equal quantities of copper, incinerated mercury, sulphur, and aconite are to be rubbed together with the decoction of roots of chitraka, and heated by a mild heat, for forty five minutes. This medicine cures swelling due to anemia and anemia itself, however malignant, dose, two raktis, each.

Pitta-pandu-nashana rasa.

Four parts of incinerated mercury, two parts of iron, and one part, each, of roots of chicraka, musta, vidanga, trikatu, triphala, and bark of kutaja are to be rubbed together with honey and made into pills (two raktis in weight, each).

This medicine cures anemia (pandu) due to an abnormal excess of pitta.

Brahmanda-sundara rasa and Sunetra rasa.

Equal quantities of mercury, sulphur, iron, mica, essence of guduchi, sukari (varahi kanda?), triphala and roots of shigru are to be rubbed together, and subjected to bhavana with the juice of bhringaraja. This medicine is to be taken with a little of clarified butter, honey, and sugar. It cures anemia and consumption. Diet, as at the time of taking mriganka rasa. If this medicine is mixed with a little of clarified butter, honey, molasses, soup of the meat of tittiri bird, and guggulu, it is called sunetra rasa. It cures consumption.

Three palas, each, of haritaki and roots of chitraka, two tolas, each, of ela, guratvak, tejapatra, musta, and renuka; one tola of naga-keshara; and one pala, each, of trikatu, roots of pippali; aconite, mercury, and sulphur,—all finely powdered and mixed together, are to be thrown into half a tula (or 200 tolas) of boiled old molasses contained in an iron cauldron put upon mild fire, so that the whole thing turns soft-solid as soon as the powder mentioned above is mixed with the molasses. When cooled, pills are to be made, half a tola in weight, each, by means of the palms of the hands smeared with clarified butter. One of such pills is to be taken every night for the cure of anemia and swelling due to it. A little of borax, mixed with the juice of meghanada, is also to be taken far the pacification of poison (i. e, aconite contained in the medicine).

Jayapala rasa.

Equal quantities of mercury, sulphur, copper, croton seeds, and guggulu are to be rubbed together with clarified butter, and made into pills (one rakti in weight, each), to be taken once a day. This medicine cures anemia and swelling due to it.

Sindura-bhusana rasa.

One pala, each, of purified mercury and sindura (i.e., naga-sindura—see pages 133-136, Vol. III) are to be rubbed together, for three hours, with the juice of vasaka, and made into a lump. A strong crucible is to be made, flat-shaped and half a cubit in circumference, in which is to be put, first of all, four palas in weight of sulphur. The lump referred to above is then to be put into the crucible, and heat applied by laghu-puta (for more than once, if necessary). After the consumption of sulphur, by this process, the lump is to be taken out and powdered. Mix with it, iron, ten times in weight of this powder. Rub the whole thing with the juice of garlics, and make pills, three raktis in weight, each, to be taken with honey. Roots of apamarga and eranda, half a tola, each, are to be pestled together with butter-milk and drunk after taking this medicine. It cures jaundice and anemia, due to an excess of vayu.

Kamalari rasa.

Equal quantities of steel, copper-pyrites, kanta iron, mica, copper, mercury, (purified or incinerated), and orpiment are to be rubbed together with the juice of deva-dali, and subjected to heat by the third kind of Baluka-yantra. The product is then to be mixed with one fourth its weight of each of the following;—guruchi, tuber of kumuda (white water-lily), tuber of kalhara (red water-lily), and grapes. These are then to be rubbed together with the decoction of jastimadhu. Taken in adequate doses (say, of two raktis, a day), with a little of honey and sugar, this medicine cures jaundice (kamala).

Trijoni rasa.

Four parts of very fine copper foil (or wire) are to be smeared with a paste made of one part of incinerated mercury pestled with lime juice. This amalgam is then to be dried by the rays of the sun. Confine this amalgam in a crucible with sulphur put below and upon it, and dried hilamochika put on all sides of the amalgam. The crucible is then to be closed by means of mud, and then heated by puta for six hours. Dose, one rakti, to be taken with haritaki and molasses. This medicine cures anemia (pandu) with swelling.

Mustadi lauha.

One part of musta, two parts of guduchi, three parts of roots of chitraka, four parts of jastimadhu, five parts of pippali, six parts of vidanga, seven parts of shunthi, eight parts of triphala, with thirty six parts of incinerated iron are to be mixed together. (Dose, twelve raktis, a day), to be taken with honey. This medicine cures anemia.

Kameshvara rasa.

One pala (i.e., four tolas), each, of mercury and sulphur, three palas, each, of sehundu and haritaki, one and half pala, each of musta, ela, and teja-patra; one pala, each, of trikatu, roots of pippali, and aconite; one tola of nagakeshara, and half a pala of renuka are to be boiled together with half a tala (200 tolas) of old molasses. The product is then to be rubbed for three hours with the juice of kanya and clarified butter. Dose, six raktis, each, to be taken at night. This medicine cures anemia (pandu) with swelling.

Kansyadi rasa.

Equal quantities of incinerated mercury, bell-metal, purified realgar, incinerated steel and copper are to be mixed together, (Dose, one rakti, a day). This medicine cures halimaka (malignant jaundice).

Deeds and diet salutary in anemia:—

Vomiting, purgation, barley, wheat and shali rice of more than one year’s (but not more than three years’) standing; soup of mudga, arhaki, and masura grams; soup of meat of animals called jangala (wild), patola, ripe kusmanda, green banana fruit, such pot-herbs as jivanti, gokshura, hilamochika, guruchi, tanduliya, punarnava, drona-puspi; vartaku, garlics, onions, ripe mango, haritaki, bimbi, shringi fish, cow’s urine, amalaki, butter-milk, clarified butter, sesamum oil (for rubbing only), saubira, tusambu, (see page 382, vol, III), butter, white sandal wood, turmeric, naga-keshara, java-kshara, incinerated iron, astringents, and safron.

Deeds and articles of food-stuff injurious in anemia:—

Letting out of blood, smoking, suppression of vomiting, fomentation, sexual intercourse, beans, pot herbs (except those mentioned in the preceding paragraph), hingu, masagrams, drinking of water in excess, paste or cake of sesamum and mustard seeds, wine, eating of earth, sleeping in day-time, articles of food-stuff acrid and saline in taste; drinking of water of rivers issuing out of the Sahya and Vindhya ranges, sours of all sorts, impure water, food incongenial by combination, food considered heavy and bidahi (see page 7, Vol. IV).