Varnaka, Varṇaka: 13 definitions
Introduction:
Varnaka means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, the history of ancient India, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Buddhism
Tibetan Buddhism (Vajrayana or tantric Buddhism)
Source: Wisdom Library: Tibetan BuddhismVarṇaka (वर्णक) is the name of a Śrāvaka mentioned as attending the teachings in the 6th century Mañjuśrīmūlakalpa: one of the largest Kriyā Tantras devoted to Mañjuśrī (the Bodhisattva of wisdom) representing an encyclopedia of knowledge primarily concerned with ritualistic elements in Buddhism. The teachings in this text originate from Mañjuśrī and were taught to and by Buddha Śākyamuni in the presence of a large audience (including Varṇaka).
Source: MDPI Books: The Ocean of HeroesVarṇaka (वर्णक) refers to a particular Color, according to the 10th-century Ḍākārṇava-tantra: one of the last Tibetan Tantric scriptures belonging to the Buddhist Saṃvara tradition consisting of 51 chapters.—Accordingly, [while describing the Space Circle (ākāśacakra)]: “Now, the Space Circle outside [this] is like a dark blue lotus [in color]. Sky-going Yoginīs are in the middles of the thirty-six spokes [of the circle], as follows—[...] [They are] eminent mistresses with companies. The colors [of these Yoginīs] are various and wonderful. Alternatively, [they have] the circle’s color (cakra-varṇaka) (dark blue). [...]”.
Tibetan Buddhism includes schools such as Nyingma, Kadampa, Kagyu and Gelug. Their primary canon of literature is divided in two broad categories: The Kangyur, which consists of Buddha’s words, and the Tengyur, which includes commentaries from various sources. Esotericism and tantra techniques (vajrayāna) are collected indepently.
India history and geography
Source: Singhi Jain Series: Ratnaprabha-suri’s Kuvalayamala-katha (history)Varṇaka (वर्णक) or Varṇa refers to “gold”, according to the Kāvyamīmāṃsā of Rājaśekhara, as mentioned in the “A Cultural note on the Kuvalayamala of Uddyotanasuri” by the late Dr. V. s. Agrawala.—(Cf. Jaccasuvaṇṇa) In the pre-Muslim period, the highest purity was of sixteen degree, and such gold was called ṣoḍaśa-varṇaka (Kāvyamīmāṃsā of Rājaśekhara, Saka 1900, chapter 17) which must have been the jacca-suvaṇṇa of Uddyotanasūri. We also find reference to ṣoḍaśa-varṇa gold in the Mānasollāsa from which was derived the Hindi word solaha-vānī which in Rajasthani became solamo-sono referred to as solen in the Jñāneśvarī (1290 A.D.).—(Cf. The highest purity of gold in India, The Journal of the Numesmatic Society of India, Vol. 16, pp. 270-74). This seems same as the śṛṅgī-kanaka mentioned in the Kādambarī.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryVarṇaka (वर्णक).—[varṇayati, varṇ-ṇvul]
1) A mask, the dress of an actor.
2) A paint, colour for painting; नृपमौलिमरीचि- वर्णकैः खलु यस्याङ्घ्रियुगं विलिप्यते (nṛpamaulimarīci- varṇakaiḥ khalu yasyāṅghriyugaṃ vilipyate) Śiśupālavadha 16.62; मया पुनरिह पर्वते सुलभाः पञ्चजातीया वर्णका आनीताः (mayā punariha parvate sulabhāḥ pañcajātīyā varṇakā ānītāḥ) Nāg.2.24.
3) A paint, or anything used as an unguent or pigment; कुचतटे वैवर्ण्यमुपैति वर्णकम् (kucataṭe vaivarṇyamupaiti varṇakam) Daśakumāracarita 2.5; एतैः पिष्टतमालवर्णकनिभैरालिप्तमम्भो- धरैः (etaiḥ piṣṭatamālavarṇakanibhairāliptamambho- dharaiḥ) Mṛcchakaṭika 5.46; Bhaṭṭikāvya 19.11; a fragrant ointment; Śi. 11.29.
4) A bard, panegyrist.
5) Vermilion.
6) Sandal (the tree).
7) A letter, syllable.
8) A speaker; narrator (vaktā); अपि रहसि कृतानां वाग्विहीनोऽपि जातः सुरत- विलसितानां वर्णको वर्णकोऽसौ (api rahasi kṛtānāṃ vāgvihīno'pi jātaḥ surata- vilasitānāṃ varṇako varṇako'sau) Śiśupālavadha 11.29.
9) A model or specimen.
-kā (also varṇikā)
1) A mask.
2) A paint, colour for painting.
3) Fine gold.
4) Vermilion.
5) A cloak, mantle.
-kam 1 A paint, colour, pigment.
2) Sandal.
3) A chapter, division.
4) A circle, orb.
Derivable forms: varṇakaḥ (वर्णकः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryVarṇaka (वर्णक).—mn.
(-kaḥ-kaṃ) 1. Perfume for the person, especially pounded or ground. 2. The dress of an actor. 3. Sandal. mf.
(-kaḥ-kā) A paint, a pigment, as indigo, orpiment, &c. m.
(-kaḥ) 1. A panegyrist, a bard, a poetical encomiast, by tribe and profession. 2. A circle, an orb. f.
(-kā) 1. Touch, standard, fineness or purity of gold. 2. A mantle. 3. A mask. 4. A paint. E. varṇ to colour, &c., ṇvul aff.; or varṇa as above, kan added.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryVarṇaka (वर्णक).—[varṇa + ka], I. A substitute for varṇa, at the end of comp. adj., [Daśakumāracarita] in
Varṇaka (वर्णक).—[feminine] varṇikā painting, representing; [substantive] specimen, pattern; [feminine] varṇikā paint, ointment (also [masculine]), mask, dress of an actor.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Varṇaka (वर्णक):—[from varṇ] mf(ikā)n. painting, picturing, representing, [Rājataraṅgiṇī]
2) [v.s. ...] m. a strolling player or singer, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
3) [v.s. ...] a species of plant, [Suśruta]
4) [v.s. ...] fragrant ointment, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
5) [v.s. ...] Name of a man ([plural] his descendants) [gana] upakādi
6) [v.s. ...] m. or n. a model or specimen, [Kathāsaritsāgara]
7) [v.s. ...] mf(ikā)n. colour for painting, paint, pigment, unguent, anything for smearing on the body, [Aitareya-āraṇyaka; Śāṅkhāyana-gṛhya-sūtra] etc. (ifc. f(akā). )
8) [v.s. ...] m. sandal, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) Varṇakā (वर्णका):—[from varṇaka > varṇ] f. woven cloth, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) Varṇaka (वर्णक):—[from varṇ] n. a chapter, section of a book, [Nyāyamālā-vistara [Scholiast or Commentator]]
11) [v.s. ...] a circle, orb, [Hemacandra’s Pariśiṣṭaparvan]
12) [v.s. ...] orpiment, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) [v.s. ...] the red colouring or paint with which bride and bridegroom are marked at weddings, the painting of the bride by the bridegroom and of the bridegroom by the bride, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
14) [v.s. ...] (ifc.) a letter or syllable, [Śrutabodha]
15) Vārṇaka (वार्णक):—[from vārṇa] mfn. ([from] next) [gana] kaṇvādi ([varia lectio])
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryVarṇaka (वर्णक):—[(kaḥ-kaṃ)] 1. m. n. Perfume for the person; sandal. m. f. A paint. m. A panegyrist, a circle. f. Touch of gold to try it.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Varṇaka (वर्णक) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit word: Vaṇṇaya.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Hindi dictionary
Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionaryVarṇaka (वर्णक):—(nm) pigment; a painter.
...
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusVarṇaka (ವರ್ಣಕ):—
1) [noun] the costumes ued by a dancer, actor, etc.
2) [noun] a mixture of a pigment with oil, water, etc., in liquid or paste form, applied as with a brush and used for painting a picture, portrait, etc. on a canvas, paper, etc.; a paint.
3) [noun] a perfume (used on the body).
4) [noun] an alphabet.
5) [noun] the paste of sandal wood.
6) [noun] a man who praises another , esp. insincerely.
7) [noun] the act of describing, explaining, as by a poet.
8) [noun] the manner or style of interpreting, commenting on or elucidating.
9) [noun] a lyrical poem set to a local prosodic metre.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with: Varnakacara, Varnakacculi, Varnakacitrita, Varnakadandaka, Varnakadaru, Varnakam, Varnakamaya, Varnakara, Varnakarma, Varnakavi, Varnakavitva.
Ends with (+16): Avaravarnaka, Bahusuvarnaka, Cakrasuvarnaka, Cakravarnaka, Catuhsauvarnaka, Catuhsuvarnaka, Chakrasuvarnaka, Cittavarnaka, Dagdhavarnaka, Dhumravarnaka, Durvarnaka, Ekavarnaka, Kayavarnaka, Kiravarnaka, Krishnavarnaka, Kuruvarnaka, Mallavarnaka, Nihsuvarnaka, Padmavarnaka, Pitavarnaka.
Full-text (+32): Trivarnaka, Vannaya, Varnakamaya, Varnakita, Avaravarnaka, Varnakya, Padmavarnaka, Shankitavarnaka, Varnika, Varnakavitva, Varnakriti, Varnakadaru, Varnakacitrita, Varnakadandaka, Durvarnaka, Sauvarnakayana, Ekavarnaka, Dagdhavarnaka, Varivarnaka, Kuruvarnaka.
Relevant text
Search found 14 books and stories containing Varnaka, Varṇaka, Varṇakā, Vārṇaka; (plurals include: Varnakas, Varṇakas, Varṇakās, Vārṇakas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Sushruta Samhita, Volume 6: Uttara-tantra (by Kaviraj Kunja Lal Bhishagratna)
Chapter XXXV - Treatment of an attack by Mukha-mandika < [Canto II - Kaumarabhritya-tantra (pediatrics, gynecology and pregnancy)]
Chapter X - Treatment of Pittaja Ophthalmia < [Canto I - Shalakya-tantra (ears, eyes, nose, mouth and throat)]
Preceptors of Advaita (by T. M. P. Mahadevan)
The Markandeya Purana (Study) (by Chandamita Bhattacharya)
Dress and Clothing < [Chapter 2]
Harshacharita (socio-cultural Study) (by Mrs. Nandita Sarmah)
1. Similarities (8): Art and Architecture < [Chapter 8 - Comparative Society as described in the Kādambarī and the Harṣacarita]
16.1. Drawing and Painting < [Chapter 6 - Other Socio-Cultural Aspects]
Cosmetics, Costumes and Ornaments in Ancient India (by Remadevi. O.)
6. Some Beliefs Associated with Dressing < [Chapter 2 - Costumes]
Sutrakritanga (English translation) (by Hermann Jacobi)
Lecture 1, The Lotus < [Book 2]