Parivrita, Parivṛta: 17 definitions

Introduction
In Hinduism
1. Shaktism
2. Kavya
3. Purana
In Buddhism
1. Mahayana
In Jainism
1. General definition
Languages
1. Sanskrit
2. Hindi
3. Kannada
See also

Introduction:

Parivrita means something in Buddhism, Pali, Hinduism, Sanskrit, Jainism, Prakrit, Hindi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.

The Sanskrit term Parivṛta can be transliterated into English as Parivrta or Parivrita, using the IAST transliteration scheme (?).

In Hinduism

Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)

Source: Google Books: Manthanabhairavatantram

Parivṛta (परिवृत) means “surrounded” (by the troupe of Yoginīs), according to the Śrīmatottara-tantra, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, “The sacred seat of Oḍḍiyāṇa is in between the eyebrows. It illumines (the surroundings) like a jewel and rotates in the shape of a wheel that shines like the rays of the sun in the form of all things. The venerable and great lord of Oḍu, surrounded by the troupe of Yoginīs, is the emperor (of this seat) [i.e., yoginī-vyūha-parivṛta-cakravartin]. The power of the will abides as the essential nature (of all things) within the Wheel as the lordship of the sacred seat. In (this), the first sacred seat, there is a tree, creeper, guardian, cremation ground, monastery, gesture, cave and the rest (associated with them). Within one's own body it is located between the eyebrows and in accord with the sequence of emanation. One should know (this) the first sacred seat by means of the essential nature of (the deity’s) energy”.

context information

Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.

Kavya (poetry)

Source: Brill: Śaivism and the Tantric Traditions (kavya)

Parivṛta (परिवृत) refers to “being surrounded (by a row of red yak tail whisks)”, according to Bāṇa’s Kādambarī (p. 224-228).—Accordingly, “[Going ahead a little, he then sees that the Goddess Caṇḍikā] was enclosed by a door made from the ivory of wild elephants, as yellowish-white as fragments of ketakī filaments, and an iron architrave bearing an ornamental garland of black iron mirrors surrounded (parivṛta) by a row of red yak tail whisks resembling a garland of Śabara heads horrific with tawny hair”.

context information

Kavya (काव्य, kavya) refers to Sanskrit poetry, a popular ancient Indian tradition of literature. There have been many Sanskrit poets over the ages, hailing from ancient India and beyond. This topic includes mahakavya, or ‘epic poetry’ and natya, or ‘dramatic poetry’.

Purana and Itihasa (epic history)

Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English Translation

Parivṛta (परिवृत) refers to “being surrounded (by one’s kinsmen)”, according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.3.31 (“Description of Śiva’s magic”).—Accordingly, after the Gods eulogised Śiva: “Then the lord Śiva who is favourably disposed to his devotees, the lord of magic and free from aberrations went to the lord of mountains. When the lord of the mountains was seated in his royal assembly along with (parivṛta) Pārvatī and kinsmen, Sadāśiva came there, in the meantime bearing a staff and an umbrella. He was dressed in divine clothes and had a shining mark on the forehead. [...]”

context information

The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.

In Buddhism

Mahayana (major branch of Buddhism)

Source: Wisdom Library: Maha Prajnaparamita Sastra

Parivṛta (परिवृत) refers to “one who is surrounded” (by innumerable Tuṣita gods), according to Mahāprajñāpāramitāśāstra (chapter 22, v2).—Accordingly, “In all his births, the Bodhisattva is born apparitionally.—(a) According to some, the Bodhisattva mounted on a white elephant, surrounded (parivṛta), venerated, respected, esteemed and served by innumerable Tuṣita gods, penetrated along with them into the belly of his mother.—(b) According to others, the Bodhisattva’s mother, possessing the concentration like a magic show caused her belly to expand inordinately; all the Bodhisattvas of the trisāhasramahāsāhasradlokadhātu, the Devas, Nāgas and Asuras were able to enter into it and come out. In this belly there is a palace and a platform. The deities set a bed there, hung banners, spread it with flowers and burned incense; all this was the result of the meritorious actions of the Bodhisattva. Next the Bodhisattva comes down and takes his place there and, by the power of his concentration, enters into the womb while staying as previously in the heaven of the Tuṣita gods”.

Source: academia.edu: A Study and Translation of the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā

Parivṛta (परिवृत) refers to “encircled”, according to the Gaganagañjaparipṛcchā: the eighth chapter of the Mahāsaṃnipāta (a collection of Mahāyāna Buddhist Sūtras).—Accordingly, “[In the Mahāvyūha universe, just after,] the Bodhisattva, the great being Gaganagañja, accompanied by, encircled (parivṛt) and followed (puraskṛta) by twelve koṭis of Bodhisattvas, said to the Tathāgata Ekaratnavyūha: ‘I would like to go to the Sahā universe to honour the Buddha Śākyamuni. I wish to see him and listen to him’.”.

Source: De Gruyter: A Buddhist Ritual Manual on Agriculture

Parivṛta (परिवृत) refers to “being surrounded” (in the middle of an assembly), according to the Vajratuṇḍasamayakalparāja, an ancient Buddhist ritual manual on agriculture from the 5th-century (or earlier), containing various instructions for the Sangha to provide agriculture-related services to laypeople including rain-making, weather control and crop protection.—Accordingly, [after Sāgara filled the lotus-lake with rain-showers], “Then in that region a great opportunity occurred. The Bhagavān sat down in that region, in the middle of a great assembly he was surrounded (parivṛta) and honoured, there was a great assembly of Nāgas, namely 80,000 great Nāga kings gathered, having Sāgara, the Nāga king, as their foremost”.

context information

Mahayana (महायान, mahāyāna) is a major branch of Buddhism focusing on the path of a Bodhisattva (spiritual aspirants/ enlightened beings). Extant literature is vast and primarely composed in the Sanskrit language. There are many sūtras of which some of the earliest are the various Prajñāpāramitā sūtras.

In Jainism

General definition (in Jainism)

Source: The University of Sydney: A study of the Twelve Reflections

Parivṛta (परिवृत) refers to “one who is covered with (armour)”, according to the 11th century Jñānārṇava, a treatise on Jain Yoga in roughly 2200 Sanskrit verses composed by Śubhacandra.—Accordingly, “That which is evidently cessation of action causing the cycle of rebirth is to be considered as the mental stopping of the influx of karma by those who know about that from the most excellent scripture. Like the hero who is well-clad in armour [com.—kavaca-parivṛta—‘covered with armour’] is not pierced by arrows in the difficulty of battle, the one who has subdued his senses, whose self is restrained, is not pierced by arrows which are made of non-restraint”.

context information

Jainism is an Indian religion of Dharma whose doctrine revolves around harmlessness (ahimsa) towards every living being. The two major branches (Digambara and Svetambara) of Jainism stimulate self-control (or, shramana, ‘self-reliance’) and spiritual development through a path of peace for the soul to progess to the ultimate goal.

Languages of India and abroad

Sanskrit dictionary

Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionary

Parivṛta (परिवृत).—p. p.

1) Surrounded, encompassed, encircled, attended.

2) Hidden, concealed.

3) Pervaded, overspread

4) Known.

5) Completely gained.

-tam Ved. An enclosed space for a sacrifice.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Parivṛta (परिवृत).—mfn.

(-taḥ-tā-taṃ) 1. Encompassed, surrounded. 2. Gained or received entirely. 3. Known. 4. Concealed. 5. Overspread. E. pari before, vṛ to be, aff. kta.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Parivṛta (परिवृत).—[adjective] covered, veiled, or hung with, surrounded or accompanied by ([instrumental] or —°); [neuter] a covered place of sacrifice.

--- OR ---

Parīvṛta (परीवृत).—[adjective] = parivṛta.

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary

1) Parivṛta (परिवृत):—[=pari-vṛta] [from pari-vṛ] mfn. (pari-) idem, [Brāhmaṇa] etc. etc.

2) [v.s. ...] n. a covered place or shed enclosed with walls used as a place of sacrifice, [Śatapatha-brāhmaṇa; Kātyāyana-śrauta-sūtra; Gobhila-śrāddha-kalpa]

3) Parīvṛta (परीवृत):—[=parī-vṛta] [from pari-vṛta > pari-vṛ] mfn. (parī-) = [preceding] mfn., [Ṛg-veda; Atharva-veda; Aitareya-brāhmaṇa]

4) [v.s. ...] mfn. surrounding, [Ṛg-veda]

5) [v.s. ...] filled by, full of ([compound]), [Catalogue(s)]

Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English Dictionary

Parivṛta (परिवृत):—[(taḥ-tā-taṃ) p.] Surrounded; gained; received entirely; known.

Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)

Parivṛta (परिवृत) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pariariya, Parivaria, Parivuḍa, Parivvaa.

[Sanskrit to German]

Parivrita in German

context information

Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.

Hindi dictionary

Source: DDSA: A practical Hindi-English dictionary

Parivṛta (परिवृत):—(a) surrounded; enveloped; ~[vṛti] surrounding, enveloping.

context information

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Kannada-English dictionary

Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpus

Parivṛta (ಪರಿವೃತ):—

1) [adjective] surrounded; encircled.

2) [adjective] spread; extended (over a wide area).

--- OR ---

Parivṛta (ಪರಿವೃತ):—

1) [noun] that which is surrounded or encircled by.

2) [noun] a thing that is spread, extended over a wide area.

3) [noun] a man surrounded by others or something.

context information

Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.

Relevant text

Search found 14 books and stories containing Parivrita, Pari-vrita, Pari-vṛta, Pari-vrta, Parī-vṛta, Parivṛta, Parivrta, Parīvṛta; (plurals include: Parivritas, vritas, vṛtas, vrtas, Parivṛtas, Parivrtas, Parīvṛtas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:

Text 11 < [First Stabaka]

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Verses 2.4.9-10 < [Chapter 4 - The Liberation of Vatsāsura]

Verse 2.1.37 < [Chapter 1 - Description of the Entrance in Vṛndāvana]

Verse 5.21.17 < [Chapter 21 - The Story of Śrī Nārada]

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Part 1.3: Construction of the Śālā (śālānirmāṇa) < [Chapter 4 - The Agniṣṭoma Ritual]

Part 1.4: Consecration rite (dikṣaṇīyeṣṭi) < [Chapter 4 - The Agniṣṭoma Ritual]

Part 2.5: The Pravargya rite < [Chapter 4 - The Agniṣṭoma Ritual]

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Rig Veda 10.113.6 < [Sukta 113]

Rig Veda 2.23.18 < [Sukta 23]