Parigha: 22 definitions
Introduction:
Parigha means something in Hinduism, Sanskrit, Buddhism, Pali, the history of ancient India, Marathi. If you want to know the exact meaning, history, etymology or English translation of this term then check out the descriptions on this page. Add your comment or reference to a book if you want to contribute to this summary article.
In Hinduism
Purana and Itihasa (epic history)
Source: archive.org: Puranic Encyclopedia1) Parigha (परिघ).—One of the five pārṣadas presented to Subrahmaṇya by the deva, Aṃśa. The other four are:—Vaṭa, Bhīma, Dahati and Dahana. (Chapter 138, Śānti Parva).
2) Parigha (परिघ).—A forester. (See under Biḍālopākhyāna).
Source: archive.org: Shiva Purana - English TranslationParigha (परिघ) refers to an “iron club” (used in battle), according to the Śivapurāṇa 2.4.15 (“Gaṇeśa’s battle”).—Accordingly, after Gaṇeśa spoke to Śiva’s attendants: “[...] Before the Gaṇas of Śiva had time to pull his legs Gaṇeśa struck a blow at their hands and got his legs free. Then seizing a big iron club (parigha) [sagṛhya parighaṃ bṛhat] and standing at the doorway he smashed the Gaṇas. Some got their hands broken, others got their backs smothered. The heads of others were shattered and the foreheads of some were crushed. [...]”.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: The Purana IndexParigha (परिघ).—A son of Rukmakavaca, appointed over Videha region with his brother Hari.*
- * Matsya-purāṇa 44. 28. 29; Vāyu-purāṇa 95. 28; Brahmāṇḍa-purāṇa III. 70. 29.
Parigha (परिघ) is a name mentioned in the Mahābhārata (cf. IX.44.31) and represents one of the many proper names used for people and places. Note: The Mahābhārata (mentioning Parigha) is a Sanskrit epic poem consisting of 100,000 ślokas (metrical verses) and is over 2000 years old.
The Purana (पुराण, purāṇas) refers to Sanskrit literature preserving ancient India’s vast cultural history, including historical legends, religious ceremonies, various arts and sciences. The eighteen mahapuranas total over 400,000 shlokas (metrical couplets) and date to at least several centuries BCE.
Dhanurveda (science of warfare)
Source: Wisdom Library: DhanurvedaParigha (परिघ) refers to a weapon (an iron bludgeon or club studded with iron). It is a Sanskrit word defined in the Dhanurveda-saṃhitā, which contains a list of no less than 117 weapons. The Dhanurveda-saṃhitā is said to have been composed by the sage Vasiṣṭha, who in turn transmitted it trough a tradition of sages, which can eventually be traced to Śiva and Brahmā.
Dhanurveda (धनुर्वेद) refers to the “knowledge of warfare” and, as an upaveda, is associated with the Ṛgveda. It contains instructions on warfare, archery and ancient Indian martial arts, dating back to the 2nd-3rd millennium BCE.
Jyotisha (astronomy and astrology)
Source: Wisdom Library: Brihat Samhita by VarahamihiraParigha (परिघ) refers to “lines of clouds (crossing the solar disc)”, according to the Bṛhatsaṃhitā (chapter 2), an encyclopedic Sanskrit work written by Varāhamihira mainly focusing on the science of ancient Indian astronomy astronomy (Jyotiṣa).—Accordingly, “A true Astrologer is also one who has thoroughly mastered the Science of Saṃhitā. [...] It treats of the prediction of immediate rain from surrounding phenomena; of judging the nature of the future crops from the growth of plants and flowers; of the halos round the sun and moon; of lines of clouds crossing the solar disc at rising and setting [i.e., parigha]; of the winds; of meteoric falls; of false fires; of earthquakes; of the red sky immediately before sunrise and after sunset; of the fanciful shapes of clouds; of dust storms; of thunderbolts; of the price of food grains; of gardening; [...]”.
Jyotisha (ज्योतिष, jyotiṣa or jyotish) refers to ‘astronomy’ or “Vedic astrology” and represents the fifth of the six Vedangas (additional sciences to be studied along with the Vedas). Jyotisha concerns itself with the study and prediction of the movements of celestial bodies, in order to calculate the auspicious time for rituals and ceremonies.
Shaktism (Shakta philosophy)
Source: Google Books: ManthanabhairavatantramParigha (परिघ) refers to a “club studded with iron”, according to the Śrīmatottara-tantra, an expansion of the Kubjikāmatatantra: the earliest popular and most authoritative Tantra of the Kubjikā cult.—Accordingly, [while describing the visualized form of Navātman Bhairava]: “[...] Navātman’s mind is blissful with his own energy and he is delighted by the bliss of (spiritual) wine. [...] He has eighteen arms and is adorned with many ornaments. A skull, conch, noose, gaud, (a threatening gesture with the) index finger, bow, shield and a club studded with iron (parigha) are on the left hand side. O dear one, a trident, double-headed drum, sword, ascetic’s staff, pestle, bell, thread, arrow and boon-bestowing gesture are on the right”.
Shakta (शाक्त, śākta) or Shaktism (śāktism) represents a tradition of Hinduism where the Goddess (Devi) is revered and worshipped. Shakta literature includes a range of scriptures, including various Agamas and Tantras, although its roots may be traced back to the Vedas.
General definition (in Hinduism)
Source: Wisdom Library: HinduismParigha (परिघ) is a Sanskrit word translating to “iron club”.
India history and geography
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Indian Epigraphical GlossaryParigha.—(HRS), ‘door-bolt’; one of the seven sources of revenue specified in the Arthaśāstra. Note: parigha is defined in the “Indian epigraphical glossary” as it can be found on ancient inscriptions commonly written in Sanskrit, Prakrit or Dravidian languages.
The history of India traces the identification of countries, villages, towns and other regions of India, as well as mythology, zoology, royal dynasties, rulers, tribes, local festivities and traditions and regional languages. Ancient India enjoyed religious freedom and encourages the path of Dharma, a concept common to Buddhism, Hinduism, and Jainism.
Languages of India and abroad
Pali-English dictionary
Source: Sutta: The Pali Text Society's Pali-English DictionaryParigha, (Vedic parigha, of which the usual P. representative is paligha (q. v.)) a cross-bar ThA. 211 (°daṇḍa). (Page 424)
Pali is the language of the Tipiṭaka, which is the sacred canon of Theravāda Buddhism and contains much of the Buddha’s speech. Closeley related to Sanskrit, both languages are used interchangeably between religions.
Marathi-English dictionary
Source: DDSA: The Molesworth Marathi and English Dictionaryparigha (परिघ).—m (S) An enclosing wall, hedge, paling &c. 2 A stick mounted with iron, or an iron club. 3 The nineteenth of the astronomical yōga.
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parīgha (परीघ).—m (parigha S) An encompassing hedge, wall, or other body: also a circumferential line.
Source: DDSA: The Aryabhusan school dictionary, Marathi-Englishparigha (परिघ).—m An enclosing wall, &c.
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parīgha (परीघ).—m An encompassing hedge, wall, or other body. A circumference.
Marathi is an Indo-European language having over 70 million native speakers people in (predominantly) Maharashtra India. Marathi, like many other Indo-Aryan languages, evolved from early forms of Prakrit, which itself is a subset of Sanskrit, one of the most ancient languages of the world.
Sanskrit dictionary
Source: DDSA: The practical Sanskrit-English dictionaryParigha (परिघ).—1 An iron (or wooden) beam or bar used for locking or shutting a gate (argala); एकः कृत्स्नां नगरपरिघप्रांशुबाहुर्भुनक्ति (ekaḥ kṛtsnāṃ nagaraparighaprāṃśubāhurbhunakti) Ś.2.16; R.16.84; Śiśupālavadha 19.32; M.5.2.
2) (Hence) A bar, barrier, hindrance, obstacle; भार्गवस्य सुकृतोऽपि सोऽभवत् स्वर्गमार्गपरिघो दुरत्ययः (bhārgavasya sukṛto'pi so'bhavat svargamārgaparigho duratyayaḥ) R.11.88.
3) A stick or club studded or tipped with iron; पादपाविद्धपरिघः (pādapāviddhaparighaḥ) R.12.73.
4) An iron club in general. It is a kind of weapon (parito hantītī--sarvataḥ kaṇṭakito lohadaṇḍaḥ com. on Mahābhārata (Bombay) 1.19.17);...... हन्तुं घोरं परिघमाददे (hantuṃ ghoraṃ parighamādade) Śiva B.14.99.
5) A water-jar, pitcher.
6) A glass-pitcher.
7) A house, dwelling.
8) Killing, destroying.
9) Striking, a stroke or blow.
1) A child which assumes a peculiar cross position in birth.
11) A line of clouds crossing the sun at sunrise or sunset.
12) The gate of a palace, town or house. Hence perhaps it means 'Gate-duty'; मूलं भागो व्याजी परिघः क्लृप्तं रूपिकमत्ययश्चाय-मुखम् (mūlaṃ bhāgo vyājī parighaḥ klṛptaṃ rūpikamatyayaścāya-mukham) Kau. A.2.6.24.
13) (In astrol.) Name of the 19th Yoga.
-ghau m. (du.) Two birds flying on each side of a traveller (regarded as an omen).
Derivable forms: parighaḥ (परिघः).
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Shabda-Sagara Sanskrit-English DictionaryParigha (परिघ).—m.
(-ghaḥ) 1. A bludgeon, a stick mounted with iron, or an iron club. 2. Killing, striking, destroying. 3. The nineteenth of the astronomical Yogas. 4. The pin or bolt of a door. 5. A glass vessel. 6. A pike, a spear. 7. A water jar. 8. The outer door or gate of a palace. 9. A house: see paligha E. pari round about, han to kill, ap aff., gha substituted for the root.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Benfey Sanskrit-English DictionaryParigha (परिघ).—[pari-gha] (vb. han), m. 1. An iron bar for shutting a gate, [Suśruta] 2, 92, 12. 2. An iron club, or a bludgeon mounted with iron, Mahābhārata 1, 1174. 3. A line of clouds covering partially the rising or setting sun, 5, 4855. 4. The gate of a palace, [Rāmāyaṇa] 2, 72, 1 Gorr. 5. A proper name.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Cappeller Sanskrit-English DictionaryParigha (परिघ).—[masculine] iron bar for locking a gate, [dual] gate; iron club, [figuratively] obstacle, hindrance, [especially] a current of clouds before the sun.
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Monier-Williams Sanskrit-English Dictionary1) Parigha (परिघ):—[=pari-gha] m. (√han) an iron bar or beam used for locking or shutting a gate (= argala), [Chāndogya-upaniṣad; Mahābhārata; Kāvya literature] etc.
2) [v.s. ...] ([figuratively]) a bar, obstacle, hindrance, [Raghuvaṃśa; Kathāsaritsāgara]
3) [v.s. ...] (once n.) an iron bludgeon or club studded with iron, [Mahābhārata; Rāmāyaṇa] etc.
4) [v.s. ...] a child which presents a peculiar cross position in birth, [Suśruta]
5) [v.s. ...] a line of clouds crossing the sun at sunrise or sunset, [Varāha-mihira; Mahābhārata] etc.
6) [v.s. ...] ([dual number]) two birds flying on each side of a traveller (regarded as an omen), [Varāha-mihira]
7) [v.s. ...] the gate of a palace, any gate, [Rāmāyaṇa]
8) [v.s. ...] a house, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
9) [v.s. ...] (in [astrology]) Name of the 19th Yoga, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
10) [v.s. ...] a pitcher, water-jar, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
11) [v.s. ...] a glass pitcher, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
12) [v.s. ...] killing, striking, a blow, [cf. Lexicographers, esp. such as amarasiṃha, halāyudha, hemacandra, etc.]
13) [v.s. ...] Name of one of the attendants of Skanda, [Mahābhārata]
14) [v.s. ...] of a Cāṇḍāla, [ib.]
15) [v.s. ...] of a virtuous man, [Catalogue(s)]
Source: Cologne Digital Sanskrit Dictionaries: Yates Sanskrit-English DictionaryParigha (परिघ):—[pari-gha] (ghaḥ) 1. m. A bludgeon; killing; bolt; spear; water-jar; outer gate of a palace; a Yoga.
Source: DDSA: Paia-sadda-mahannavo; a comprehensive Prakrit Hindi dictionary (S)Parigha (परिघ) in the Sanskrit language is related to the Prakrit words: Pariha, Phaḍiha.
[Sanskrit to German]
Sanskrit, also spelled संस्कृतम् (saṃskṛtam), is an ancient language of India commonly seen as the grandmother of the Indo-European language family (even English!). Closely allied with Prakrit and Pali, Sanskrit is more exhaustive in both grammar and terms and has the most extensive collection of literature in the world, greatly surpassing its sister-languages Greek and Latin.
Kannada-English dictionary
Source: Alar: Kannada-English corpusParigha (ಪರಿಘ):—
1) [noun] a bar to prevent the door from being opened.
2) [noun] a mace-like war weapon having barbed head.
3) [noun] a glass or earthen jar.
4) [noun] a residence; a house.
5) [noun] the act of killing inflicting wound.
6) [noun] a blow; a stroke.
7) [noun] the entrance of a palace, fort or a city.
8) [noun] a wall enclosing a building a court-yard.
9) [noun] the conical or tapering upper structure of a building (as of a temple; a tower.
10) [noun] the extent or sphere of one’s ability, influence, etc.
11) [noun] a line of clouds crossing the sun at sunrise or sunset.
Kannada is a Dravidian language (as opposed to the Indo-European language family) mainly spoken in the southwestern region of India.
See also (Relevant definitions)
Starts with (+10): Parighabahu, Parighagghara, Parighaguru, Parighalu, Parighamu, Parighapramshubahu, Parighardita, Parighareti, Parigharghara, Parighargharam, Parigharma, Parigharmya, Parigharshita, Parighasa, Parighasamkasha, Parighasana, Parighasiya, Parighastambha, Parighat, Parighata.
Ends with: Grihitaparigha, Lohaparigha, Rakshaparigha.
Full-text (+46): Paligha, Parighastambha, Parighata, Parighaguru, Parighatana, Parighasamkasha, Rakshaparigha, Parighabahu, Parighapramshubahu, Parighopama, Pariha, Parighatin, Pariga, Parighasana, Phadiha, Phalikha, Kalagni, Kapala, Bhishana, Meghamali.
Relevant text
Search found 36 books and stories containing Parigha, Parīgha, Pari-gha; (plurals include: Parighas, Parīghas, ghas). You can also click to the full overview containing English textual excerpts. Below are direct links for the most relevant articles:
Garga Samhita (English) (by Danavir Goswami)
Verse 6.7.21 < [Chapter 7 - The Marriage of Śrī Rukmiṇī]
Verse 6.7.5 < [Chapter 7 - The Marriage of Śrī Rukmiṇī]
Verse 1.7.37 < [Chapter 7 - Description of the Conquest of All Directions]
Harivamsha Purana (by Manmatha Nath Dutt)
Chapter 43 - The Preparation of the Danavas for the Battle < [Book 1 - Harivamsa Parva]
Chapter 120 - Citralekha Unites Aniruddha with Usha < [Book 2 - Vishnu Parva]
Chapter 86 - Defeat of the Asuras: They Fight Again < [Book 2 - Vishnu Parva]
Mahabharata (English) (by Kisari Mohan Ganguli)
Section CLXXVIII < [Ghatotkacha-badha Parva]
Section CLXI < [Ghatotkacha-badha Parva]
Section XIX < [Bhagavat-Gita Parva]
Trishashti Shalaka Purusha Caritra (by Helen M. Johnson)
Appendix 3.1: additional notes < [Appendices]
Nitiprakasika (Critical Analysis) (by S. Anusha)
Śakti (Spear) < [Chapter 3]
Parigha (Battering Ram) < [Chapter 3]
Weapons and War in Epics and Purāṇās < [Chapter 1]
Puranic encyclopaedia (by Vettam Mani)