Early Chola Temples

by S. R. Balasubrahmanyam | 1960 | 105,501 words

This volume of Chola Temples covers Parantaka I to Rajaraja I in the timeframe A.D. 907-985. The Cholas of Southern India left a remarkable stamp in the history of Indian architecture and sculpture. Besides that, the Chola dynasty was a successful ruling dynasty even conquering overseas regions....

Inscriptional References

Temples of Parantaka I’s time

Tirychy District

1. Allur:

Panchanadisvara and Pasupatisvara temples. Epi. Rep. nos. 365 to 385 of 1903. E. I., XXVI, no. 8, pp.82-84. SII., VIII, nos. 674-700.

 2. Anda(va)nallur:

Vata-tirthanathar temple. Epi. Rep., nos. 348 to 364 of 1903.

3. Sittoor (Sirraiyur):

Tiru Agnisvara temple. Inscriptions (Texts) of the Pudukkottai State, nos. 24 to 26.Inscriptions in the Pudukkottai State (Translation), Part I. Manual of the Pudukkottai State, Vol. II, Part I, pp. 583-584; and Vol. II, Part II, pp. 1135-1136.

4. Uyyakkondan Tirumalai:

Ujjivanathar temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 95 to 99 of 1892. SII, II, Part III, no. 75. Epi. Rep. nos. 455 to 479 of 1908.

5. Kodumbalur:

Muchukundesvara temple. Inscriptions (texts) of the Pudukkottai State. Pudukkottai State Gazetteer, Vol. II, Part II, pp. 1030-1040. My articles in the Journal of Indian Museums: Vol. XIV-XVI, 1958-60 and Vol. XVII-XX, 1961-64 on the date of the Muvar-koyil at Kodumbalur.

6. Kilappaluvur:

Tiru Alandurai Mahadevar temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 216 to 263 of 1925-26. “Four Chola Temples” by S. R. Balasubrahmanyam, Bhulabhai Memorial Institute, Bombay.

7. Govindaputtur:

Ganga-jathadharar temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 157 to 194 of 1928-29.

8. Nangavaram:

Sundaresvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 328 to 347 of 1903. SII, VIII, nos. 637-656.

9. Somur:

Somesvaram Udaiyar temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 198 to 208 of 1917.

10. Nirppalani:

Valarmatisvara temple. Inscriptions (texts) of the Pudukkottai State, nos. 30, 154 and 241.

11. Pullamangai:

Brahmapurisvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 546 to 559 of 1921. “The Brahmapurisvara temple at Pullamangai” by J. C. Harle, Bhulabhai Memorial Institute, Bombay. “The Early Cola temple at Pullamangai” by J. C. Harle, Oriental Art, New Series, Vol. IV, no. 3. (1958).

12. Tiruva(va) duturai:

Epi. Rep. nos. 101 to 162 of 1925 and nos. 59 to 72 of 1926.

13. Tirukkalavur (Tirukkarugavur):

Madhuvanesvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 35 to 46 of 1910.

Note

Epi. Rep. nos. 424 to 440 of 1918 have been classified as referring to this temple in the “List of Inscriptions” copied by the office of the Superintendent for Epigraphy, Madras (up to March 1938): but this is a wrong classification, and the attention of the Government Epigraphist has been drawn to it.

A few uncopied inscriptions here, of the days of Parantaka I, are mentioned in the Mackenzie Manuscripts: South Indian Temple Inscriptions, Vol. II, nos. 644 to 654, pp. 621 ff. I understand that they have since been copied.

14. Tiruchchennampundi:

Sadaiyar temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 282 to 303 of 1901. SII, VII, nos. 502-529.

15. Tirukkalittattai:

Vedapurisvar temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 291 to 303 of 1908. E. I., XII, nos. 16. Epi. Rep. no. 116 of 1896.

South Arcot District

16. Gramam:

Sivalokanathasvamin temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 735 to 745 of 1905 and nos. 150 to 198 of 1906. Annual Report for 1905-06 of the Director-general of Archaeology (for a reference to the 36th year of Parantaka I: year of Kaliyuga era also quoted). E. I., VII, p. 195. Epi. Rep. nos. 212 and 226 of 1911.

17. Tirunamanallur (Tirunavalur):

Tirut-tondisvaram Udai-yar (Bhaktajanesvara) temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 325 to 380 of 1902. SII, VII, nos. 954 to 1010. E. I., VII, pp. 132-134.

18. Erumbur:

Kadambavanesvara temple (Urumur, Siru Tiruk-koyil). Epi. Rep. nos. 379 to 398 of 1913. My article in the Journal of the Indian Society of Oriental Art, Calcutta, June-Dee., 1939. Lalit Kala no. 13, pp. 16-20.

19. Udaiyargudi (Kattumannargudi):

Anantesvarasvamin temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 529 to 627 of 1920.

20. Tiruvamattur:

Abhiramesvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 402 to 435 of 1903. SII, VIII, nos. 718 to 751. Epi. Rep. nos. 1 to 71 of 1922.

21. Karadi:

Tirumadap-parai Maha-devar temple and Selliyam-man temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 218 to 222 of 1936-37.

22. Siddhalingamadam:

Vyaghrapadesvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 367 to 431 of 1909 and nos. 261 to 265 of 1937.

23. Tiruvandar Koyil:

Panchanadisvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 359 to 377 of 1917.

24. Kilur (Tirukkovalur):

Sri Virattanesvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 230 to 306 of 1902, nos. 3 to 25 of 1905, nos. 200 to 201 of 1935, and nos. 243 to 250 and 253 to 265 of 1934-35. SII, VII, nos. 857 to 935.

25. Bahur (Pondicherry):

Sri Mulasthanam Udaiyar temple. The Bahur plates of Nrpatunga Pallava. Epi. Rep. no. 172 of 1902. SII, VII, no. 799. Revue Historique de L’lnde Francaise, 1948, pp. 162-168 and Plates I to IX.

North Arcot District

26. Solapuram:

Ruined temples. Epi. Rep. nos. 11 to 15 of 1887, no. 346 of 1901; nos. 421 to 429 of 1902, and nos. 343 to 345 of 1912. SII, I, nos. 53 and 95 to 98. E. I., VII, p. 195. SII, VIII. nos. 7-15

27. Tirumalpuram (Tirumarpperu):

Manikanthesvara temple and Sri Ninrarulina Peru-manadigal temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 265 to 344 of 1906. SII, III, nos. 142 and 197.

Chingleput District

28. Tiruvorriyur

Sri Adipurisvara temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 104 to 110 of 1892, nos. 399 to 405 of 1896, nos. 363 to 372 of 1911, nos. 98 to 246 of 1912, no. 79 of 1921, and nos. 162 to 167 of 1938.

29. Madurantakam:

Svetaranyesvara temple and Kodandarama Per-umal temple. Epi. Rep. nos. 126 to 138 of 1896, nos. 262 to 263 of 1901 and nos. 391 to 409 of 1922.

Chittoor District (Andhra Pradesh)

30. Tondaimanadu:

Kodandaramesvaram or Adityesvaram. Epi. Rep. nos. 230 to 233 of 1903. SII, VIII, no. 529.

General Reference

1. Pullamangai inscription: no. 559 of 1921: E.I., XXVI, no. 10.

2. The Anbil plates of Sundara Chola.

3. The Tiruvalangadu copper-plate grant of Rajendral.

4. The Karandai Tamil Sangam copper-plates of (the 8th year of) Rajendra I.

5. The Kanyakumari stone inscription of Vira Rajendra.

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