Chapter 7 - Country of Pun-nu-tso (Punacha)

Note: Punacha, or Punach, is described by Cunningham (Anc. Geog., 128) as a small state, called Punats by the Kaśmīris, bounded on the west by the Jhelam, on the north by the Pir Pañchāl range, and on the east and south-east by the small state of Rājaurī.

This kingdom is about 2000 li in circuit, with many mountains and river-courses, so that the arable land is very contracted. The seed is sown, however, at regular intervals, and there are a quantity of flowers and fruits. There are many sugar-canes, but no grapes. Amalas,^[1] Udumbaras, Mochas, etc., flourish, and are grown in large quantities like woods; they are prized on account of their taste. The climate is warm and damp. The people are brave. They wear ordinarily cotton clothing. The disposition of the people is true and upright; they are Buddhists.^[2] There are five saṅghārāmas, mostly deserted. There is no independent ruler, the country being tributary to Kaśmīr. To the north of the chief town is a saṅghārāma with a few priests. Here there is a stūpa which is celebrated for its miracles.

Going south-east from this 400 li or so, we come to the kingdom of Ho-lo-she-pu-lo (Rājapuri).