Karnastrava (chronic otitis media) management in Ayurveda: a case study.

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Karnastrava (chronic suppurative otitis media) and its management through ayurveda – a case study
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Apeksha Ingle


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Karnastrava (chronic suppurative otitis media) and its management through ayurveda – a case study

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20205-17232


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a long-term infection characterized by ear discharge and perforation of the tympanic membrane. This condition, referred to as "karnastrava" in Ayurveda, reflects the chronic inflammation within the middle ear and is often provoked by vata dosha imbalance. The condition manifests with symptoms including discharge, pain, and difficulty in hearing. Given the limitations of conventional treatments, which often involve prolonged antibiotic use or surgery, this study aims to explore the Ayurvedic approach to manage karnastrava through the application of Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana and Arogyavardhini Vati.

Efficacy of Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana

Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana is a therapeutic procedure wherein medicated fumes are passed into the ear canal. The treatment is designed to create an unfavorable environment for microbial growth while simultaneously promoting blood circulation and absorption of the therapeutic agents. The active ingredients, such as Nimba (neem) and Haridra (turmeric), are known for their antifungal, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Through a clinical trial involving a patient with karnastrava, it was observed that the use of Dhoopana significantly reduced ear discharge and promoted healing of the tympanic membrane, offering an effective alternative to conventional treatments.

Role of Arogyavardhini Vati

Arogyavardhini Vati is an Ayurvedic formulation containing a combination of several herbs and minerals, aimed at rectifying imbalances caused by excess moisture or “snigdha” properties in the ear. This formulation not only assists in reducing the dosha imbalance but also enhances the efficacy of other treatments applied. The trial indicated that when Arogyavardhini Vati was administered alongside Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana, the patient experienced reduced symptoms of karnastrava, including diminished ear discharge and improved audiometric performance. This highlights the formulation's role in supporting overall ear health in the context of chronic ear conditions.

Treatment Protocol and Patient Results

The treatment protocol involved a two-week regimen consisting of Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana for seven days, followed by a gap, alongside the oral administration of Arogyavardhini Vati for 28 days. The patient, a 25-year-old woman, exhibited consistent improvement in both subjective symptoms (e.g., reduced hearing impairment) and objective measures (e.g., resolution of ear discharge and tympanic membrane perforation). The structured approach of combining topical and systemic Ayurvedic therapies proved useful in managing the chronic nature of karnastrava effectively.

Conclusion

The study affirms that Ayurvedic approaches, specifically Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana combined with Arogyavardhini Vati, provide significant therapeutic benefits in managing karnastrava, or chronic suppurative otitis media. By reducing ear discharge and enhancing healing of perforations, these methods highlight the potential of traditional practices to complement modern medical treatment, particularly in instances where conventional care may pose risks of side effects or complications. The positive outcomes from this case study support further exploration and validation of Ayurvedic therapies in treating chronic ear conditions.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What is Karnastrava, and how does it relate to CSOM?

Karnastrava is a chronic ear condition characterized by discharge and inflammation, similar to chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM). It results from factors like Vata dosha imbalance, leading to ear discharge and hearing impairment.

What are the main symptoms associated with Karnastrava?

The primary symptoms include ear discharge, reduced hearing ability, and itching in the ear. A perforated tympanic membrane may also be observed during local examinations.

What treatment methods were studied for Karnastrava management?

The study assessed the effectiveness of Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana and Arogyavardhini Vati in treating Karnastrava. They were administered to reduce symptoms over a specific treatment duration.

How long was the treatment trial period for the patient?

The treatment trial period lasted for 28 days. The patient underwent Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana for two sittings with a gap of seven days and took Arogyavardhini Vati twice daily.

What improvements were observed after the treatment?

Significant improvements included a reduction in ear discharge and perforation, along with enhanced hearing ability as measured through audiometric tests before and after treatment.

What is the conclusion of the study on Karnastrava treatment?

The study concluded that Ayurvedic treatments like Karnadhoopana and Arogyavardhini Vati effectively manage Karnastrava, showing significant relief from symptoms such as ear discharge and hearing impairment.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Karnastrava (chronic otitis media) management in Ayurveda: a case study.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Karna:
In Ayurveda, 'Karna' refers to the ear. It is considered an important sensory organ, and various disorders affecting the ear, particularly those involving discharge or pain, fall under the umbrella of 'Karna Roga'. Its health is crucial for the prevention of conditions like Karnastrava and CSOM.

2) Vati:
'Vati' denotes a specific form of Ayurvedic medication, typically prepared in the form of pills or tablets. These formulations consist of herbal components that help manage various ailments. In the context of this study, 'Arogyavardhini Vati' is used to ameliorate symptoms associated with Karnastrava.

3) Study (Studying):
The 'study' in this context refers to an investigation into the effectiveness of Ayurvedic treatments for Karnastrava. It emphasizes the objective observation of clinical results following specific therapeutic interventions, like 'Nimbaharidradi Dhoopana' and 'Arogyavardhini Vati', in treating chronic ear conditions.

4) Katu:
'Katu' describes a taste in Ayurveda, specifically the acrid or pungent flavor. This taste is associated with stimulating digestion and has therapeutic properties. Ingredients with 'Katu' Rasa may help in reducing conditions associated with excess Kapha and Vata doshas, supporting overall balance and health.

5) Guggulu:
'Guggulu' is a resin derived from the Commiphora mukul plant, known for its anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, and healing properties. In Ayurvedic treatment, it is often used to manage joint disorders and chronic conditions related to Vata dosha. It enhances the effectiveness of herbal formulations aimed at 'Karnastrava'.

6) Ruksha (Ruksa):
The term 'Ruksha' pertains to dryness in Ayurveda. It is often emphasized in the treatment of various conditions where excess moisture leads to symptoms. In Karnastrava, 'Ruksha' properties help in alleviating discharge and dampness in the ear, promoting healing and comfort.

7) Varti (Vartin):
'Varti' references a specific Ayurvedic preparation form used in ear treatments. It consists of medicated wicks, typically containing herbal extracts. 'Nimbaharidradi Varti' is specifically utilized in 'Karna Dhoopana', aiding in the management of ear diseases by applying therapeutic fumes directly.

8) Tikta:
'Tikta' is another taste in Ayurveda, characterized as bitter. It has detoxifying and anti-inflammatory properties, promoting digestion and improving metabolic functions. Ingredients with 'Tikta' Rasa are often used in formulations aiming to mitigate Kapha and Pitta imbalances, essential for treating conditions like Karnastrava.

9) Karma (Karman):
The word 'Karma' relates to actions or procedures done during Ayurvedic treatments. It can refer to various therapeutic procedures like 'Karna Dhoopana'. Effective management of ear diseases relies on these karmas to provide relief from symptoms through targeted herbal interventions.

10) Laghu:
'Laghu' signifies lightness in Ayurveda and pertains to the quality of substances or treatments. Lightness is desirable in conditions involving heavy and excessive fluids or discharges. In 'Karnastrava' treatment, products characterized as 'Laghu' assist in balancing Vata dosha and relieving symptoms.

11) Water:
In Ayurveda, 'water' is essential for hydration and balances the body’s doshas. It influences bodily functions, including digestion and detoxification. The appropriate intake of water is vital in managing conditions like Karnastrava, particularly to support mucosal health and aid in ear hygiene.

12) Disease:
'Disease' in this context refers to medical conditions affecting the body. 'Karnastrava' is categorized among numerous ear diseases, indicating a pathological state that requires treatment through Ayurvedic practices. Understanding its root causes ensures proper therapeutic interventions in Ayurveda.

13) Dravya:
'Dravyas' are the substances used in Ayurvedic treatments, ranging from herbs to minerals. The selection of appropriate 'Dravyas' in managing ear ailments, especially in the case of Karnastrava, is critical in restoring balance and promoting effective healing.

14) Bhasma (Bhasman):
'Bhasma' denotes a calcined powder made from metals or minerals in Ayurveda. It is known for its rapid absorption and healing properties. Ayurvedic formulations often incorporate 'Bhasma' to enhance bioavailability of herbs, promoting healing in diseases like chronic suppurative otitis media.

15) Indian:
'Indian' pertains to the native practices, medicines, and cultural concepts originating from India. Ayurveda itself is a traditional Indian system of medicine, recognized for its holistic treatment methodologies aimed at maintaining health and curing diseases, including those affecting the ear.

16) Nimba:
'Nimba' refers to the Neem tree, which is highly valued in Ayurveda for its therapeutic properties. The leaves and seeds are utilized for their antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. In the context of Karnastrava, Nimba plays a crucial role in promoting recovery and alleviating symptoms.

17) Vata:
'Vata' represents one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, associated with the air element. It governs movement, circulation, and communication throughout the body. Imbalance in Vata can lead to disorders, including Karnastrava; hence treatments often focus on restoring its equilibrium.

18) Inflammation:
Inflammation describes a biological response to injury or infection, characterized by swelling and pain. In the context of Karnastrava, inflammation in the middle ear leads to symptoms requiring effective management through Ayurvedic treatments aimed at reducing swelling and promoting healing.

19) Vranaropana (Vrana-ropana):
'Vranaropana' refers to the healing of wounds or ulcers in Ayurveda. It involves using medications that promote tissue regeneration and repair. Successful treatment of conditions like Karnastrava may involve strategies that support 'Vranaropana', particularly where ear discharge and tissue integrity are concerned.

20) Kandughna (Kandu-ghna):
The term 'Kandughna' indicates substances that relieve itching. These are crucial in treating conditions where discomfort, such as in Karnastrava, is manifested through irritation in the ear. Herbal formulations containing 'Kandughna' properties alleviate such conditions by soothing the affected area.

21) Mahabhuta (Maha-bhuta):
'Mahabhuta' refers to the five great elements (earth, water, fire, air, and space) in Ayurvedic philosophy. Each element corresponds to a specific quality and functions within the body. Understanding the interplay of 'Mahabhuta' is essential for comprehensive chakra healing and balancing doshas.

22) Haridra:
'Haridra', commonly known as turmeric, is renowned in Ayurveda for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. Its active ingredient curcumin has a role in antimicrobial activity. In treating conditions like Karnastrava, 'Haridra' contributes to symptom relief and promotes tissue recovery.

23) Pradhan:
'Pradhan' denotes primary or principal aspects in Ayurvedic literature. In the context of doshas and therapies, recognizing the 'Pradhan' properties of herbs and treatments provides insight into their effectiveness in managing specific conditions like Karnastrava.

24) Shuddha (Suddha):
The term 'Shuddha' means pure in Sanskrit. In Ayurveda, purity of substances, especially metals and herbs, is critical for medicinal efficacy. The classification of drugs as 'Shuddha' assures quality, safety, and effectiveness when treating disorders like Karnastrava.

25) Yantra (Yamtra):
'Yantra' refers to a device or instrument used in various Ayurvedic therapies. The 'Dhoopana Yantra' is utilized in the context of Karnastrava to deliver medicated fumes effectively into the ear, playing a fundamental role in the therapeutic process.

26) Nagapura (Naga-pura):
Nagpur, a city in India, is home to various Ayurvedic medical colleges and practitioners. It signifies a pivotal location for Ayurvedic education and practice, contributing to research and studies like those presented in the management of conditions such as Karnastrava.

27) Dosha (Dosa):
'Dosha' is a fundamental concept in Ayurveda, employed to describe an individual's constitution and health state. The balance of the three doshas—Vata, Pitta, and Kapha—is crucial to wellbeing. Disorders like Karnastrava often result from imbalances in these doshas.

28) Ushna (Usna):
'Ushna' signifies heat or warmth, a characteristic quality of certain Ayurvedic substances. In treating conditions with inflammation or excessive moisture, 'Ushna' properties help alleviate discomfort, promote circulation, and enhance the treatment's effectiveness in addressing symptoms of Karnastrava.

29) Blood:
Blood serves as a crucial body fluid that nourishes and oxygenates tissues while aiding in metabolic processes. In the Ayurvedic context, the quality of blood is essential for health. Conditions like Karnastrava necessitate observation of blood parameters to assess overall health and healing.

30) Roga:
'Roga' refers to diseases or ailments in Ayurveda. This term encapsulates a vast array of medical conditions. Understanding specific 'Roga' like Karnastrava guides treatment approaches and dietary recommendations to restore balance and promote recovery.

31) Rasa (Rasha):
'Rasa' translates to taste in Ayurveda and defines the basic qualities of substances impacting health. Each 'Rasa' plays a role in therapeutic effects, influencing digestion, metabolism, and the body's dosha balance. Evaluating 'Rasa' assists practitioners in formulating effective treatments.

32) Mica:
Mica is a mineral that is used in Ayurvedic medicines as 'Abhraka Bhasma'. Known for its therapeutic potency, mica aids in enhancing the body’s healing properties when processed correctly. It plays a role in various Ayurvedic formulations aimed at treating conditions like Karnastrava.

33) Guna:
'Guna' refers to the inherent qualities or attributes of substances in Ayurveda that affect their therapeutic effects. Understanding 'Guna' is essential for practitioners to select appropriate herbs and formulations that align with a patient's dosha, aiding in effective treatment strategies.

34) Jala:
'Jala' refers to water in Sanskrit and plays an essential role in Ayurveda. It symbolizes purification and hydration. In the treatment of conditions like Karnastrava, managing water intake and its properties can impact recovery and balance within the body.

35) Neem:
Neem is a traditional medicinal plant known for its various health benefits. In Ayurvedic practice, parts of the neem tree, especially its leaves, are used for their antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and blood-purifying properties. Neem contributes significantly to treatments addressing ear ailments like Karnastrava.

36) Drug:
In Ayurveda, a drug signifies any medicinal substance utilized in treatment. 'Drugs' can range from herbal preparations to mineral compounds. The efficacy of these drugs is evaluated based on their influence on doshas and how they treat specific diseases like Karnastrava.

37) Pur:
The term 'poor' in this context refers to the socioeconomic conditions that contribute to higher prevalence rates of diseases like chronic suppurative otitis media. Access to healthcare, nutrition, and education are often inadequate in poorer communities, complicating treatment outcomes.

38) Emblica officinalis:
Emblica officinalis, commonly known as Amla, is a revered plant in Ayurveda, celebrated for its high vitamin C content and antioxidant properties. Amla's presence in Ayurvedic formulations supports immunity and overall health, contributing positively to treatments for conditions such as Karnastrava.

39) Azadirachta indica:
Azadirachta indica, known as Neem, is widely recognized for its medicinal properties. In Ayurvedic medicine, it plays a vital role due to its antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects. Neem is utilized to help alleviate conditions like Karnastrava, targeting infections and promoting skin healing.

40) Terminalia chebula:
Terminalia chebula, or Haritaki, is a key component in Ayurvedic medicine, credited with detoxifying and digestive-supporting properties. Its use in formulations targets various ailments, ensuring holistic health benefits. It aids in balancing the doshas, essential for treating diseases like Karnastrava.

41) Curcuma longa:
Curcuma longa, commonly known as turmeric, is an essential herb in Ayurveda recognized for its anti-inflammatory and healing properties. Its active compound, curcumin, significantly contributes to reducing inflammation and promoting recovery in various conditions, including those affecting the ear.

42) Terminalia bellirica:
Terminalia bellirica, or Bibhitaki, is used extensively in Ayurvedic formulations due to its health benefits. It is known for its roles in digestion and respiratory health. Its inclusion in complex formulations aids in balancing doshas and managing certain ear conditions effectively.

43) Plumbago zeylanica:
Plumbago zeylanica, or Chitramool, is an herb used in Ayurveda for its potential therapeutic effects. It is valued for promoting skin and wound healing, which may support treatment objectives in cases like Karnastrava, where healing damaged tissues is essential.

44) Shuddhagandhaka (Suddhagandhaka, Shuddha-gandhaka):
'Shuddha-gandhaka' is purified sulfur used in Ayurveda for its therapeutic properties. It often appears in formulations for its rejuvenating and anti-inflammatory effects, critical in treating various health issues, including those impacting ear conditions such as Karnastrava.

45) Commiphora mukul:
Commiphora mukul, or Guggulu, is known for its resin that possesses medicinal properties including anti-inflammatory and healing effects. Its role in Ayurvedic formulations aids recovery and relief in various conditions, particularly in managing disorders like Karnastrava effectively.

46) Shuddhaparada (Suddhaparada, Shuddha-parada):
'Shuddha-parada' is purified mercury used in traditional Ayurvedic therapies. It enhances the effects of herbals in treating complex conditions. The careful application of 'Shuddha-parada' in formulations supports treatment outcomes in cases like Karnastrava through its potent therapeutic properties.

47) Abhrakabhasma (Abhraka-bhasma):
'Abhraka-bhasma' is a calcined form of mica utilized in Ayurveda for its medicinal contributions. Its role in formulations offers enhanced absorption and healing properties, making it an essential ingredient in treating various ailments, including chronic ear conditions like Karnastrava.

48) Shalakyatantra (Salakyatantra, Shalakya-tantra, Shalakyatamtra):
'Shalakyatantra' is an Ayurvedic branch focusing on the treatment of diseases affecting the head and neck. Its significance in managing conditions like Karnastrava lies in the specialized techniques and methodologies that practitioners employ to treat ear disorders.

49) Vranashodhana (Vranasodhana, Vrana-shodhana):
'Vranashodhana' pertains to therapies used for cleansing and healing wounds. This concept is critical in Ayurvedic medicine, especially for treating conditions like Karnastrava, where healing of ruptured tissues in the ear is essential part of recovery.

50) Tamrabhasma (Tamra-bhasma):
'Tamra-bhasma' refers to a calcined form of copper used in Ayurveda for its health-promoting properties. It offers benefits such as detoxification and heavy metal removal. 'Tamra-bhasma' supports the healing process in chronic ear conditions, contributing to overall health.

51) Karnapurana (Karna-purana):
Karnapurana refers to an Ayurvedic procedure for treating ear conditions, involving the introduction of medicated oils directly into the ear. This process, aimed at relieving symptoms of Karnastrava, aids in hydration and nourishment of damaged tissues.

52) Purvakarma (Purvakarman, Purva-karman):
'Purva-karma' signifies preparatory measures taken before treatment in Ayurveda. These actions set the stage for effective therapeutic interventions. In Karnastrava management, 'Purva-karma' may involve cleaning or soothing procedures that enhance the effectiveness of subsequent treatments.

53) Observation:
'Observation' denotes the careful monitoring of a patient’s condition during Ayurvedic treatment. In clinical studies, such as the one involving Karnastrava, observation helps in assessing the effectiveness of therapies, guiding further treatment decisions based on observed outcomes.

54) Rakshoghna (Raksoghna, Rakshas-ghna):
'Rakshoghna' refers to substances or herbs that protect against infections or disease. In the management of Karnastrava, incorporating 'Rakshoghna' properties aids in reducing common pathogens that aggravate ear conditions, promoting healing through protective action.

55) Medadhatu (Meda-dhatu):
'Meda-dhatu' refers to the tissue representing fatty or adipose tissues in Ayurveda. Imbalances in 'Meda-dhatu' can lead to excess moisture or heaviness, aggravating conditions like Karnastrava. Proper management of this dhatu is vital for maintaining overall health.

56) Karnaroga (Karna-roga):
Karna-roga encompasses a range of ear diseases in Ayurveda. Understanding specific karna-roga is crucial for diagnosis and treatment, with each condition, including Karnastrava, requiring tailored approaches to restore balance and alleviate symptoms effectively.

57) Shothahara (Sothahara, Shotha-hara):
'Shothahara' designates compounds or therapies that reduce swelling. Managing inflammation or swelling is essential in treatments such as Karnastrava, where 'Shothahara' properties in herbs assist in providing relief and promote healing of the affected tissues.

58) Vatadosha (Vatadosa, Vata-dosha):
'Vata-dosha' pertains to one of the three doshas influencing health in Ayurveda. Imbalances in 'Vata', often characterized by dryness, pain, or irregular functions, contribute to various conditions. Treating relevant diseases like Karnastrava involves restoring 'Vata-dosha' balance explicitly.

59) Discussion:
'Discussion' encapsulates the evaluation and interpretation of findings in Ayurvedic treatments. In the context of Karnastrava management, discussions delve into the effectiveness of various therapies, analyze outcomes, and reflect on ways to optimize treatment strategies based on patient responses.

60) Developing:
Developing refers to the ongoing enhancement of healthcare strategies and interventions aimed at managing conditions like Karnastrava. Inadequate healthcare resources can impede progress in developing effective treatment protocols, particularly for populations in developing regions dealing with ear diseases.

61) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic represents a common treatment method for infectious diseases, including ear infections like chronic suppurative otitis media. However, in Ayurveda, the emphasis is on holistic treatments, avoiding long-term antibiotics which may lead to side effects. This reflects the necessity for alternative approaches.

62) Shilajatu (Silajatu, Shila-jatu):
'Shilajatu' is a mineral-rich substance used in Ayurveda for its rejuvenating and restorative properties. It supports various body functions and aids in healing processes essential in treatments for chronic conditions like Karnastrava, reinforcing overall health and recovery.

63) Krimighna (Krmighna, Krimi-ghna):
'Krimighna' refers to substances known for their insecticidal properties. These compounds protect against parasitic infections that can aggravate conditions like Karnastrava. Utilizing 'Krimighna' properties in Ayurvedic treatments enhances their effectiveness against such pathogens in ear diseases.

64) Nimajjana:
'Nimajjana' describes the practice of immersion in water or hydrotherapy techniques. In Ayurveda, it is applied in various therapeutic contexts, including treatments for ear conditions, where hydrotherapy can offer soothing benefits to relieve symptoms of discomfort.

65) Education:
Education denotes the dissemination of knowledge and practices related to Ayurvedic medicine. Promoting education around ear health and therapies like those in Karnastrava management empowers communities, enhancing understanding and access to effective treatment options.

66) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is a holistic system of medicine originating in India, emphasizing balance among mind, body, and spirit through natural treatments. It employs herbal remedies, lifestyle adjustments, and dietary practices to prevent and treat diseases, including ear-related conditions like Karnastrava.

67) Vagbhata:
Vagbhata is a revered ancient Ayurvedic scholar, whose texts detail various principles and practices guiding Ayurvedic medicine. His work contributes significantly to understanding ear diseases such as Karnastrava, underpinning treatments that align with traditional Ayurvedic philosophy.

68) Gandhaka (Gamdhaka):
'Gandhaka' refers to sulfur used in Ayurvedic formulations. Its presence is noted for detoxification and promoting overall health. Sulfur compounds support balance in treating conditions like Karnastrava, providing specific benefits that align with Ayurvedic therapeutic objectives.

69) Haritaki:
Haritaki, scientifically known as Terminalia chebula, is a powerful herb in Ayurveda, known for its health benefits, including digestive support and detoxification. Its properties contribute effectually towards enhancing treatments addressing conditions like Karnastrava and overall health maintenance.

70) Triphala (Tri-phala):
'Triphala' is a classic Ayurvedic formulation comprising three fruits: Amla, Haritaki, and Bibhitaki. This blend is revered for its synergistic effects on digestion and detoxification. In treating conditions like Karnastrava, 'Triphala' supports immune health and balances the doshas.

71) Shoshana (Sosana):
'Shoshana' indicates the action of drying or absorbing moisture. In the management of Karnastrava, implementing 'Shoshana'-like therapies helps reduce excess discharge and moisture in the ear, aligning with Ayurvedic principles to support healing.

72) Vataroga (Vata-roga):
Vataroga denotes diseases arising from Vata dosha imbalances. Conditions like Karnastrava often involve Vata imbalances characterized by dryness or pain. Understanding Vataroga assists practitioners in devising appropriate Ayurvedic treatments that restore balance and address symptoms.

73) Swelling:
Swelling represents an inflammatory response in the body to injury or infection. In the context of Karnastrava, managing swelling is crucial through Ayurvedic treatments that focus on reducing inflammation and promoting healing in the affected areas.

74) Entering:
'Entering' refers to the introduction of therapeutic agents into the body, particularly in ear ailments. Techniques such as 'Karnapurana' facilitate targeted delivery of herbs and medicines, ensuring maximum benefit in alleviating conditions like Karnastrava through localized action.

75) Lekhana:
'Lekhana' signifies scraping or removing excess layers in Ayurvedic practices. This quality is essential when addressing conditions like Karnastrava, where reducing excess moisture or unhealthy tissues contributes to recovery and promotes healthier ear conditions.

[Note: The above list is limited to 75. Total glossary definitions available: 113]

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