Separation of silver nanoparticles and antifungal effects on Nelumbo.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Seperation of silver nano particles, ananlysis of irspectroscopy and effects of antifungal for nelumbo necifera sample
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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M. Musbira Banu and N. Packialakshmi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Seperation of silver nano particles, ananlysis of irspectroscopy and effects of antifungal for nelumbo necifera sample
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20182-10659
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study spearheaded by M. Musbira Banu and N. Packialakshmi investigates the effectiveness of silver nanoparticles derived from the flower of Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as the sacred lotus. With a historical significance in traditional medicine, Nelumbo nucifera has been recognized for its therapeutic properties across various ailments. This research delves into the extraction of silver nanoparticles from the flower, their antifungal efficacy, and a detailed analysis through IR spectroscopy. The results provide insights into the functional groups present and the potential for developing effective antifungal agents using silver nanoparticles.
Antifungal Activity of Silver Nanoparticles
The study highlights the significant antifungal effects of silver nanoparticles against pathogenic species, particularly those belonging to the Candida genus. The methodology involved employing the disc diffusion technique to measure the antifungal efficacy at varying concentrations (16, 32, and 64 μg/mL). Notable observations were made with maximum zones of inhibition recorded against Trichophyton rubrum (20 mm), Malassezia furfur (18 mm), and Candida spp. (16 mm) at the highest concentration of silver nanoparticles. This suggests that silver nanoparticles can be more effective than conventional antifungal agents, providing an alternative in the treatment of fungal infections.
Infrared Spectroscopy Analysis
In addition to examining antifungal properties, the researchers employed FTIR spectroscopy to analyze the functional groups present in the various extracts of Nelumbo nucifera. Key findings indicated the presence of alkenes in the samples, with a stretching peak observed at 1635.64 cm⁻¹. The IR spectrum results serve to identify the specific molecular structures contributing to the bioactive properties of the extract, enhancing the understanding of the mechanisms through which these nanoparticles exert their effects. This analysis corroborates the plant's rich phytochemical profile, which may play a crucial role in its medicinal effectiveness.
Silver Nanoparticle Synthesis
The synthesis of silver nanoparticles was achieved by boiling 10 g of Nelumbo nucifera flower in distilled water and then combining this extract with a silver nitrate solution. The visual change in the reaction medium to a brownish-yellow color served as an indicator of nanoparticle formation due to the excitation of surface plasmon resonance. The subsequent purification through column chromatography further allowed for the isolation of these nanoparticles, setting the groundwork for their analysis and potential application. The successful synthesis underscores the capability of utilizing natural sources for producing nanoparticles, which could have significant implications in various fields of medicine and technology.
Conclusion
The findings of this research emphasize the therapeutic potential of silver nanoparticles derived from Nelumbo nucifera in combating fungal infections and explore their underlying chemical properties through IR spectroscopy. The results not only support the traditional medicinal uses of the sacred lotus but also pave the way for future studies focused on the application of plant-derived nanoparticles in healthcare. This study advocates for the consideration of natural products in the development of innovative, efficient, and safe antifungal treatments. Given the rise of antibiotic resistance, the use of plant-based solutions provides a promising avenue for effective therapeutic strategies.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is the focus of the study on Nelumbo nucifera?
The study focuses on the separation of silver nanoparticles from Nelumbo nucifera, an analysis of IR spectroscopy, and the antifungal effects of these nanoparticles.
How were silver nanoparticles derived in the research?
Silver nanoparticles were formed by boiling 10g of Nelumbo nucifera flowers in distilled water and adding the extract to a 1 mM AgNO3 solution, resulting in a color change indicating nanoparticle formation.
What method was used to assess the antifungal activity?
The antifungal activity was evaluated using the disc diffusion method against various fungal strains, measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition after a week of incubation.
Which fungal strains were tested against the extracts?
The extracts were tested against Trichophyton rubrum, Malassezia furfur, and Candida species to evaluate their antifungal efficacy.
What were the results of the antifungal activity test?
At a concentration of 64 μg/mL, silver nanoparticles showed maximum inhibition zones of 20mm, 18mm, and 16mm against Trichophyton rubrum, Malassezia furfur, and Candida species, respectively.
What is the significance of IR spectrum analysis in the study?
IR spectrum analysis helped identify functional groups present in the samples, confirming the presence of alkenes, and providing insights into the molecular structure of the silver nanoparticles.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Separation of silver nanoparticles and antifungal effects on Nelumbo.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Silver:
Silver refers to the metallic element Ag, known for its antimicrobial properties. In the context of this study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are synthesized from the flower extract of Nelumbo nucifera. These nanoparticles exhibit enhanced antifungal activity compared to bulk silver, making them significant in medical applications, especially in traditional and alternative medicine.
2) Nelumbo nucifera:
Nelumbo nucifera, commonly known as the sacred lotus, is a perennial plant significant in traditional medicine. Its flowers and rhizomes are used for various therapeutic purposes, including antifungal treatments in Ayurveda. This study focuses on extracting silver nanoparticles from its flowers, emphasizing the plant's potential health benefits.
3) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effect or performance of a substance, particularly in this study related to its antifungal effects. The activity of silver nanoparticles and the extract of Nelumbo nucifera against specific fungal strains was evaluated, providing evidence of their efficacy in inhibiting fungal growth.
4) Table:
A table is commonly used to present quantitative results or comparative data in a structured format, facilitating easier understanding and analysis. In this study, tables detail the zones of inhibition produced by silver nanoparticles and the flower extract against various fungal strains, highlighting the effectiveness of treatment options.
5) Surface:
Surface refers to the outermost layer of an object or substance. In the context of silver nanoparticles, the high surface area-to-volume ratio is crucial for their enhanced antimicrobial properties. This feature allows for more significant interaction with microbial cells, leading to improved antifungal activity compared to larger silver particles.
6) Powder:
Powder refers to finely crushed solid material. The flower of Nelumbo nucifera was dried and ground into a powder for extracting silver nanoparticles. The powdered form ensures better extraction of compounds and facilitates the synthesis of nanoparticles through reactions with silver nitrate solution, enhancing their bioactivity.
7) Study (Studying):
The term study refers to the systematic investigation aimed at understanding or discovering specific information. This research, focused on the extraction and characterization of silver nanoparticles from Nelumbo nucifera, emphasizes their antifungal effects and applications in traditional medicine, showcasing the relevance of botanical compounds in modern science.
8) Species:
Species denotes a group of organisms that share common characteristics and can interbreed. In this context, Nelumbo nucifera is a species studied for its medicinal properties and ability to produce silver nanoparticles. Understanding species characteristics is vital for exploring potential therapeutic uses in medicine and agriculture.
9) India:
India is the geographical region where Nelumbo nucifera is commonly found and culturally significant. Rich in biodiversity, India is home to numerous plants used in traditional medicine. This study highlights Indian flora's role, particularly the sacred lotus, in contributing to health through herbal remedies.
10) Water:
Water is essential for the life of Nelumbo nucifera, as it is an aquatic plant. Its presence in the plant's habitat influences its growth and medicinal properties. Additionally, water plays a critical role in the extraction process when boiling the flower to produce nanoparticles.
11) Indian lotus:
Indian lotus is another name for Nelumbo nucifera, highlighting its cultural significance in India. Revered for its beauty and medicinal properties, the Indian lotus has been used traditionally to treat various ailments, reinforcing the importance of botanical studies in understanding and preserving traditional remedies.
12) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical component of scientific research where results are interpreted and contextualized. It encompasses analyzing the findings of the study on silver nanoparticles and their antifungal activity while comparing them to existing literature, helping to draw significant conclusions about their medicinal potential.
13) Indian:
Indian, in this context, refers to the cultural and geographical aspects tied to the plant species and traditional practices originating from India. The term encompasses the indigenous knowledge of medicinal plants, with Nelumbo nucifera being a crucial element in traditional Indian medicine systems.
14) Water lily (Waterlily):
Water lily generally refers to aquatic plants, including Nelumbo nucifera, which thrive in freshwater environments. Known for their aesthetic and medicinal values, water lilies embody the ecological and cultural significance in various traditions, making them relatable in artistic and therapeutic contexts.
15) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotic refers to substances that inhibit bacterial growth, commonly used in treating infections. While not a traditional antibiotic, the antifungal properties of silver nanoparticles derived from Nelumbo nucifera resonate with the concept of antibiotic action, highlighting their potential as alternatives in antimicrobial therapy and modern medicine.
16) Evolution:
Evolution describes the development of species over time, influenced by environmental and biological factors. The reference to 'evolution' in the study indicates the plant's adaptive significance and relevance in traditional medicine, evolving practices that contribute to health and wellness across generations.
17) Observing:
Observing means to carefully watch or monitor phenomena or changes. In the context of this study, observing the color change during silver nanoparticle synthesis or the zones of inhibition during antifungal tests are critical steps in analyzing the effectiveness and properties of the tested compounds.
18) Medicine:
Medicine refers to the science and practice of diagnosing, treating, and preventing diseases. The study underscores the significance of traditional medicine, particularly the role of Nelumbo nucifera in health care practices, highlighting the transitional nature of herbal remedies in contemporary medicinal applications.
19) Disease:
Disease represents a condition that disrupts the normal functioning of the body. The focus on disease within this study emphasizes the importance of finding effective treatment options through natural means, specifically through the bioactivity of silver nanoparticles derived from Nelumbo nucifera.
20) Family:
Family typically designates a group of related plants or organisms in taxonomy. In this study, Nelumbo nucifera belongs to the Nelumbonaceae family, which is significant in understanding botanical categorization and the interconnections between plant species and their potential medicinal uses.
21) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The mention of cancer in the discussion highlights the potential of traditional remedies, including those derived from Nelumbo nucifera, in supporting treatments or as complementary therapies in oncological care.
22) Medium:
Medium often refers to the material or environment in which reactions or processes occur. In the context of this study, the aqueous medium used for synthesizing nanoparticles denotes the importance of proper conditions in achieving successful results and maintaining the stability of silver nanoparticles.
23) Cotton:
Cotton, in the context of this study, pertains to the material used in column chromatography to prevent the loss of silica and soil during sample processing. Its role in the purification of compounds illustrates the significance of proper laboratory techniques in scientific investigations.
24) Fever:
Fever represents a common symptom of many infections, often used as a health indicator. Its mention underscores the relevance of traditional plants such as Nelumbo nucifera in treating symptoms, illustrating the historical and ongoing significance of herbal medicine in managing various health conditions.
25) Genu:
Genu, while primarily a term referring to 'knee' in anatomical terms, may not have direct relevance in this context. However, its phonetic relationship to genus could suggest a misinterpretation or typographical error considering the botanical focus on the taxonomy of Nelumbo nucifera in the study.
26) Lily:
Lily often refers to flowering plants in the family Liliaceae. In this study, the significant reference to the 'lily' concept pertains closely to Nelumbo nucifera's identity, blended with cultural and ecological elements surrounding water lilies in extensive folklore and traditional practices.