Docking and synthesis of 5-acetyl pyrimidine chalcones.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Molecular docking and synthesis of 5- acetyl pyrimidine 2, 4, 6 trione based chalcones
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
This page presents a generated summary with additional references; See source (below) for actual content.
Original source:
This page is merely a summary which is automatically generated hence you should visit the source to read the original article which includes the author, publication date, notes and references.
T. Shilpa and K. Varalakshmi Devi
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Molecular docking and synthesis of 5- acetyl pyrimidine 2, 4, 6 trione based chalcones
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20183-10819
Download the PDF file of the original publication
Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The research article discusses the design and evaluation of a series of sixteen novel 5-acetyl pyrimidine 2, 4, 6 trione based chalcones for their potential anti-inflammatory activity. Utilizing advanced computational tools, such as molecular docking and various software for physicochemical and pharmacokinetic evaluations, the study aimed to discover compounds with high potency, selectivity, and reduced toxicity compared to existing anti-inflammatory agents. Specifically, docking studies were conducted against the COX-2 receptor to assess the binding efficacy of the designed compounds.
Molecular Docking and Binding Affinity
The molecular docking studies revealed that different chalcone derivatives exhibited varied binding affinities to the COX-2 receptor (PDB ID: 5PP1), as quantified by their ACE scores. Among the synthesized compounds, M2 demonstrated the highest affinity with an ACE value of -238.55 Kcal/Mol, indicating a strong interaction with the receptor. In contrast, M16 showed the lowest affinity of 13.92 Kcal/Mol. The findings suggest that lower ACE values correlate with higher anti-inflammatory activity, making M2 a promising compound for further investigation.
Physicochemical Properties and Drug Likeness
The physicochemical properties of the designed compounds were evaluated to determine their suitability as drug candidates. Essential parameters, including Log P, molecular weight, total polar surface area (TPSA), and hydrogen bonding potential were analyzed using Molinspiration and Swiss ADME software. All compounds adhered to Lipinski's Rule of Five, indicating favorable characteristics for oral bioavailability. The Log P values ranged from -0.78 to 1.94, suggesting a balanced hydrophilic-lipophilic nature, which is vital for drug absorption and distribution.
Bioactivity Scores and Pharmacological Potential
The bioactivity scores for various pharmacological targets were calculated to evaluate the biological activity of the compounds. Most derivatives exhibited scores within the range suggesting moderate to high biological activity. Notably, compounds M3, M4, M5, M6, M7, M10, M14, and M15 were highlighted as highly bioactive with respect to their potential as protease inhibitors. The overall assessment indicated that these compounds could interact favorably with different biological pathways, further supporting their therapeutic potential.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the study successfully designed, synthesized, and evaluated a new series of 5-acetyl pyrimidine 2, 4, 6 trione based chalcones with promising anti-inflammatory properties. Through molecular docking studies, physicochemical profiling, and bioactivity scoring, several compounds demonstrated significant potential for advanced therapeutic development. The findings emphasize the importance of computational tools in drug design and highlight specific chalcone derivatives, particularly M2, for future studies aimed at developing effective anti-inflammatory agents.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What compound series was designed for anti-inflammatory activity?
A series of sixteen 5-acetyl pyrimidine 2, 4, 6 trione-based chalcones were designed to identify novel anti-inflammatory agents with potent, selective, and less toxic properties.
What software was used for molecular docking studies?
PatchDock software was utilized for molecular docking studies to evaluate protein-ligand interactions, specifically targeting the COX-2 receptor (PDB ID: 5PP1).
Which compound showed the highest affinity to the COX-2 receptor?
Compound M2 displayed the highest affinity to the COX-2 receptor with an ACE value of -238.55, indicating significant potential as an anti-inflammatory agent.
How were the designed compounds evaluated for drug properties?
The physicochemical properties, drug likeness, solubility, and bioactivity scores of the designed compounds were assessed using Molinspiration and Swiss ADME software.
What was the yield of the synthesized 5-acetyl pyrimidine trione?
The synthesis of 5-acetyl pyrimidine 2, 4, 6 trione yielded 7.8 grams of product with a 92% yield, forming a yellow powder.
What method was used to synthesize chalcones?
Chalcones were synthesized using a Claisen Schmidt reaction involving 5-acetyl pyrimidine 2, 4, 6 trione and various aryl aldehydes in the presence of sodium hydroxide.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Docking and synthesis of 5-acetyl pyrimidine chalcones.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Drug:
Drugs are substances used to diagnose, treat, or prevent diseases. In the context of this study, a variety of novel drugs are synthesized and evaluated for their anti-inflammatory properties, showcasing the ongoing efforts in pharmaceutical research to discover new therapeutic options and enhance patient care.
2) Table:
In scientific research, a table is a systematic arrangement of data or information, particularly useful for presenting complex results in a clear manner. The study uses tables to display physicochemical properties, bioactivity scores, and molecular docking results, enabling easier comparison and analysis of the compounds under investigation.
3) Activity:
Activity refers to the biological effect or pharmacological impact a compound has, particularly in relation to its therapeutic potential. The study measures the anti-inflammatory activity of novel compounds designed to interact with specific receptors, emphasizing the importance of assessing how effectively these substances perform in biological systems.
4) Water:
Water is crucial for biochemical reactions and solubility of compounds in drug development. The study includes synthesis processes that require water for purification and reaction steps. Additionally, understanding a compound's solubility in water affects its bioavailability and overall effectiveness as a drug when administered in a living system.
5) Study (Studying):
A study is a detailed examination and analysis of a specific topic. In this context, the study investigates the synthesis and evaluation of novel anti-inflammatory agents based on 5-acetyl pyrimidine derivatives. It employs various methods like molecular docking and physicochemical property calculations to assess the compounds’ drug-likeness.
6) Calculation:
Calculation in scientific research involves quantifying parameters, such as molecular properties and bioactivity scores. The study uses software tools like Molinspiration and Swiss ADME to perform these calculations, helping to evaluate the designed compounds' potential interactions and pharmacological profiles necessary for effective drug development.
7) Channel:
In pharmacology, a channel often refers to a protein structure that facilitates the movement of ions or molecules across cell membranes. The study assesses compounds for activity against ion channel inhibitors, which can be critical for targeting specific pathways in therapeutic contexts, thus enhancing drug efficacy.
8) Science (Scientific):
Science is the systematic pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation. This study employs scientific methods to explore the synthesis, characterization, and biological evaluation of new compounds, reinforcing the importance of empirical data and theoretical frameworks for advancing medical and pharmaceutical knowledge.
9) Surface:
Surface properties, particularly in relation to drugs, can affect how a substance interacts on a molecular level, including solubility and permeability. The study considers the topological polar surface area (TPSA) of designed compounds, as it significantly influences intestinal absorption and bioavailability in drug candidates.
10) Nature:
Nature refers to the inherent characteristics or qualities of substances and compounds. In the context of drug development, understanding the chemical nature of a compound, including its functional groups and structure, is crucial for predicting its biological activity, interactions, and overall pharmacological potential.
11) Powder:
Powder refers to a solid material composed of finely dispersed particles. Many drugs, including those synthesized in this study, may be isolated as powders. The physical form of a drug can influence its solubility, absorption, and stability, impacting the formulation and delivery of pharmaceutical products.
12) Blood:
Blood is vital in drug pharmacokinetics, influencing the distribution, metabolism, and excretion of drugs within the body. The study seeks to develop compounds with favorable pharmacological properties, which ultimately determine their interaction with blood components, affecting therapeutic efficacy and safety profiles.
13) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological refers to the study of drugs, their mechanisms of action, and their therapeutic effects. The compounds evaluated in this study are designed to exhibit anti-inflammatory effects, highlighting the significance of pharmacological research in discovering effective treatments and understanding drug interactions within biological systems.
14) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial refers to compounds that inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria. Although the primary focus of this study is on anti-inflammatory activity, many of the designed compounds also possess potential anti-bacterial properties, showcasing the versatility of pyrimidine derivatives in addressing multiple therapeutic areas.
15) Purification:
Purification is the process of isolating the desired compound from impurities or unwanted byproducts. In this study, purification techniques are used to obtain the synthesized chalcones in their pure form, ensuring that the biological evaluations are conducted on compounds free from contaminants that could skew results.
16) Discussion:
Discussion refers to the section of a study where findings are interpreted, implications are drawn, and comparisons with previous research are made. In this study, the discussion addresses the significance of the results obtained from molecular docking and biological evaluations, helping to contextualize the data in relation to existing literature.
17) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm living organisms. Assessing toxicity is critical in drug development to ensure safety and minimize adverse effects. The study evaluates the designed compounds not only for their therapeutic effects but also for their potential toxicity profiles.
18) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. While the focus of this study is primarily on anti-inflammatory agents, the compounds synthesized may have implications for cancer therapy, given the shared pathways and mechanisms between inflammation and tumor development.
19) Devi:
Devi refers to K. Varalakshmi Devi, a co-author of the study. Collaboration in research is essential for combining diverse expertise and insights. The contributions of authors like Devi highlight the teamwork involved in conducting rigorous scientific investigations aimed at advancing knowledge in pharmaceutical sciences.