In-vitro study of Chloroxylon swietenia leaf extract for diabetes and wound healing.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: In-vitro studies on anti diabetic and wound healing activity of chloroxylon swietenia linn (rutaceae) leaf extract
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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B. Nagaraju, H. Ramana, N. Shiva Krishna, M. Bhaskar and P. Venkateshwarao
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: In-vitro studies on anti diabetic and wound healing activity of chloroxylon swietenia linn (rutaceae) leaf extract
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20183-10688
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the anti-diabetic and wound healing activities of the leaf extract from Chloroxylon swietenia Linn, commonly known as Ceylon Satinwood. This perennial herb from the Rutaceae family is prevalent in peninsular India and Sri Lanka and is traditionally utilized for various therapeutic purposes, including treatment for diabetes, cancer, and chronic conditions. Despite its medicinal uses, the pharmacognostic standardization of the leaf part has not been thoroughly established. The study employs a combination of in vitro methods to assess the extract's efficacy in promoting glucose absorption and enhancing wound healing.
Anti-Diabetic Activity Assessment
The anti-diabetic properties of Chloroxylon swietenia were evaluated using two primary methods: the glucose oxidase method and glucose absorption studies. In the glucose oxidase assay, various concentrations of the extract were incubated with glucose solutions, revealing a significant inhibition of glucose levels. The ethanolic extract showed a dose-dependent increase in inhibition percentages, with the highest concentration (1000 mcg/ml) exhibiting a 94.78% inhibition rate. Similarly, in the glucose absorption study using goat ileum, the extract displayed a remarkable capacity to enhance glucose absorption, further solidifying its potential as an anti-diabetic agent.
Wound Healing Properties
The wound healing activity of the leaf extract was examined through the Chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model, a recognized in vitro method for studying angiogenesis. The results indicated that the extract promotes angiogenetic activity in a dose-dependent manner. At 200 mcg/ml, a slight increase in blood vessel size was observed, while a more notable increase was recorded at 400 mcg/ml. This suggests that Chloroxylon swietenia not only facilitates wound healing but does so effectively as the concentration of the extract increases. The vascular growth indicates an accelerating effect on tissue repair processes following injury.
Phytochemical Analysis
The study conducted a thorough phytochemical analysis of the leaf extracts of Chloroxylon swietenia, revealing the presence of various bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and tannins. These compounds were confirmed through Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), which aids in understanding the therapeutic potential of the plant. The ethanolic extract was determined to be the most effective for extracting these phytochemicals, suggesting its importance in the extraction process for maximizing therapeutic benefits.
Conclusion
The findings from the study on Chloroxylon swietenia underscore the plant's significant anti-diabetic and wound healing capabilities, aligning with its traditional medicinal uses. The presence of active phytochemicals in the ethanolic extract contributes to its efficacy in these therapeutic areas. The results highlight the necessity for further research focused on isolating and characterizing specific active components to fully harness the plant's medicinal potential and develop novel treatments for diabetes and wound healing. Such advancements would affirm the role of natural remedies in modern healthcare.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What is Chloroxylon swietenia and its traditional uses?
Chloroxylon swietenia, known as Ceylon Satinwood, is a medicinal plant traditionally used for treating diabetes, chronic inflammation, cancer, and wounds due to its pharmacological properties.
What methods were used to extract Chloroxylon swietenia's leaf constituents?
The leaf powder was subjected to successive solvent extraction using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate, ethanol, and water, based on increasing polarity to obtain various extracts for analysis.
How was the anti-diabetic activity of the plant tested?
The anti-diabetic activity was evaluated using in vitro glucose absorption studies by measuring glucose concentration in the presence of the plant extract on goat ileum.
What were the results of the wound healing activity study?
The aqueous extract from Chloroxylon swietenia exhibited angiogenetic activity in a CAM model, showing dose-dependent increases in the size and number of blood vessels.
What phytochemicals were identified in the extracts of Chloroxylon swietenia?
The extracts were found to contain flavonoids, saponins, glycosides, tannins, and phenols, confirmed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis.
What further research is suggested for Chloroxylon swietenia?
Further research is recommended to identify, isolate, and characterize the specific phytochemicals responsible for the observed antidiabetic and wound healing activities.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “In-vitro study of Chloroxylon swietenia leaf extract for diabetes and wound healing.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity refers to the effects produced by a substance, such as a plant extract, in biological systems. In the context of the study, it pertains to the anti-diabetic and wound healing activities observed from the extract of Chloroxylon swietenia, which demonstrated significant effects in experiments.
2) Study (Studying):
Study denotes the structured examination or analysis conducted to investigate specific hypotheses or questions. In this case, it refers to the research undertaken to evaluate the anti-diabetic and wound healing properties of Chloroxylon swietenia leaf extract, using various in vitro and in vivo methodologies.
3) Blood:
Blood plays a critical role in the assessment of physiological responses during biological activities. In the experiments, the formation of new blood vessels (angiogenesis) was measured, indicating the wound healing potential of the Chloroxylon swietenia extract through its effects on blood vessel growth and repair.
4) Water:
Water serves as a universal solvent, used for extracting phytochemicals from plant materials. In this study, extracts of Chloroxylon swietenia were prepared in various solvents, including water, to analyze the presence of bioactive compounds and assess their potential therapeutic effects, particularly in wound healing.
5) Phytochemical:
Phytochemical refers to the bioactive compounds derived from plants that have health benefits. The study focused on identifying phytochemicals in Chloroxylon swietenia, such as flavonoids and saponins, which contribute to its anti-diabetic and wound healing properties, confirming the plant's therapeutic potential.
6) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties and health benefits. In this research, they were among the significant phytoconstituents identified in the extract of Chloroxylon swietenia, contributing to its anti-diabetic effects and potential in managing oxidative stress-related disorders.
7) Drug:
Drugs refer broadly to any substances that serve medicinal purposes, whether synthetic or natural. This study highlighted the potential of plant-derived drugs, particularly those from Chloroxylon swietenia, as valid alternatives to synthetic medications for diabetes and wound management, advocating for plant-based therapies.
8) India:
India is recognized for its vast biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices, providing a rich resource for studying medicinal plants. This research on Chloroxylon swietenia, native to India, emphasizes the exploration of indigenous plants for novel therapeutic agents against conditions like diabetes and wound healing.
9) Animal:
Animals serve as models for biological studies in pharmacology. This study utilized animal-derived tissues, such as goat ileum, providing a practical and ethical approach to investigate glucose absorption capacity and elements of wound healing without direct animal sacrifice.
10) Tirumala (Thirumala):
Tirumala is a location in India known for its breeding facilities that provide fertilized eggs for research. The study involved fertilized chicken eggs from Tirumala breeders for conducting assays on the wound healing properties of Chloroxylon swietenia, demonstrating local resources in research methodologies.
11) Science (Scientific):
Science represents the methodical pursuit of knowledge through observation and experimentation. In the context of this research, it signifies the scientific approach taken to evaluate the pharmacological properties of Chloroxylon swietenia, applying rigorous methods to validate its therapeutic claims.
12) House:
In the context of the study, 'house' likely pertains to facilities like laboratories where scientific research is conducted. Such environments are essential for maintaining controlled conditions required for experiments, particularly when analyzing plant extracts and their respective activities.
13) Silk:
Silk refers to the material used for tying surgical sutures or experimental setups. In the study, silk threads helped secure the goat ileum during glucose absorption tests, ensuring the integrity of the experimental design while effectively isolating the tissue for analysis.
14) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of interactions between drugs and biological systems. This research on Chloroxylon swietenia aimed to explore the pharmacological effects of its extracts, focusing on anti-diabetic and wound healing activities, and their potential applications in modern medicine.
15) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibiotics are substances that combat bacterial infections. While not the focus of this study, the relevance of antibacterial properties in Chloroxylon swietenia indicates a multifaceted potential for developing treatments that address not only diabetes but also related infections.
16) Inflammation:
Inflammation is a natural biological response to injury or infection that can hinder healing processes. The study on wound healing sought to understand how Chloroxylon swietenia extracts modulate inflammation, an important factor in promoting effective recovery and repair of damaged tissues.
17) Calculation:
Calculation involves the methodical determination of numerical data, crucial in the analysis of experimental results. In this study, calculations were used to assess the anti-diabetic activity through percentage inhibition values, contributing to the quantitative understanding of Chloroxylon swietenia's effectiveness.
18) Discussion:
Discussion is a critical component of research where results are interpreted and contextualized. In this study, the discussion section evaluated the implications of Chloroxylon swietenia's activities, comparing findings with existing literature and underscoring the significance of its therapeutic potential.
19) Medicine:
Medicine represents the field dedicated to diagnosing and treating diseases. This study focused on exploring the medicinal properties of Chloroxylon swietenia, advancing the understanding of plant-based therapies and their possible integration into holistic medical approaches.
20) Shankara (Sankara, Samkara, Sham-kara):
Shankara, identified as a key figure related to the study, contributed to the plant identification process, underscoring the collaborative aspect of scientific research. Proper authentication of plant materials is crucial for ensuring reliability and validity in pharmacognostic research.
21) Warangal:
Warangal is a city in Telangana, India, known for agricultural biodiversity. The study sourced fertilized eggs from Tirumala breeders located in Warangal, essential for conducting the in vitro model assessments of the wound healing potential of Chloroxylon swietenia extracts.
22) Krishna (Krsna):
Krishna, herein associated with the authors, represents the collaborative effort in scientific research. Contributions from multiple researchers are fundamental to enriching the study's quality and depth when exploring the potential of Chloroxylon swietenia in pharmacology.
23) Heating:
Heating refers to the process employed during the extraction of compounds from plants. In this study, heating methods were crucial for obtaining extracts of Chloroxylon swietenia, which were later evaluated for their bioactive properties and potential medicinal applications.
24) Forest:
Forest ecosystems are vital sources of biodiversity, including medicinal plants like Chloroxylon swietenia. The study highlights the importance of understanding and preserving these habitats, as they contain countless species that may offer novel therapeutic agents for various health conditions.
25) Family:
Family in botany refers to a group of related plants sharing common characteristics. Chloroxylon swietenia belongs to the Rutaceae family, and understanding its familial links can aid in identifying other potentially beneficial plants with similar medicinal properties.
26) Cancer:
Cancer represents a significant health challenge, often requiring innovative treatments. The potential of Chloroxylon swietenia in addressing conditions like cancer highlights the importance of exploring traditional medicine sources for novel therapeutic agents that could offer complementary benefits.
27) Repair:
Repair refers to the biological process involved in healing injuries. In this study, the reparative properties associated with Chloroxylon swietenia were evaluated in terms of their effect on wound healing, indicating the extract's role in enhancing recovery processes in tissues.
28) Powder:
Powder in this context relates to the form of the plant material used for extraction. The leaf powder of Chloroxylon swietenia was essential for obtaining the extracts analyzed in the study, forming the basis for evaluating its pharmacological activities.
29) Ranga (Ramga):
Ranga, potentially identified as a participant in the research, emphasizes the collaborative nature of scientific inquiries. Strong teamwork enriches the research environment, enabling comprehensive explorations of the therapeutic effects of plant extracts like Chloroxylon swietenia.
30) Shiva (Siva):
Shiva, mentioned in the study, signifies another contributor to the research efforts. The involvement of various researchers illustrates the collaborative nature of pharmacological studies, reflecting a shared commitment to advancing knowledge regarding traditional medicinal plants.
31) Chary:
Chary, included as part of the research team, highlights the verification and authentication process in botanical studies. Accurate identification ensures the integrity of the research, allowing for credible conclusions to be drawn about the medicinal properties of the studied plant.
32) Cina:
China, while not central to the study, represents a broader context of botanical research and pharmacology. The country's rich herbal traditions may parallel the therapeutic investigations undertaken in this study of Chloroxylon swietenia, illustrating global interest in natural remedies.
33) Tree:
Tree denotes the physical form of Chloroxylon swietenia, a species noted for its potential medicinal properties. The study focused on its leaves, linking traditional herbal practices to scientific analysis, emphasizing the need for understanding the whole plant in therapeutic contexts.
34) Rich (Rch):
Rich indicates the abundant biodiversity present in habitats like forests. This study of Chloroxylon swietenia reflects the value of exploring rich ecosystems for potential medicinal plants, highlighting the importance of biodiversity in discovering new therapies for various health conditions.
35) Male:
Male refers to the gender of the goat used as a model organism in the absorption studies. The specificity in selection emphasizes the need for consistency and standardization in biological research, ensuring the reliability of experimental findings regarding glucose absorption.