A review on medicinal benefits of capparis sepiaria. (l)
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: A review on medicinal benefits of capparis sepiaria. (l)
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Thilagavathi R., Eswaran C. and Harihara Mahadevan M.
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: A review on medicinal benefits of capparis sepiaria. (l)
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20185-11379
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
Capparis sepiaria Linn, belonging to the Capparidaceae family, is a lesser-known medicinal plant predominantly found in South India and other tropical regions. This herb is traditionally utilized in various Indian medicinal systems, particularly Siddha medicine, where it is recognized for its diverse therapeutic properties. Capparis sepiaria is particularly effective for treating digestive disorders, skin diseases, diabetes, and respiratory issues. Despite its extensive use in traditional medicine, scientific studies supporting these applications remain limited. This review seeks to explore the medicinal benefits of Capparis sepiaria, emphasizing its phytochemical composition, pharmacological actions, and traditional uses.
Anti-Tumor Activity
One of the significant therapeutic effects of Capparis sepiaria is its anti-tumor activity. Essential studies have demonstrated the efficacy of methanol extracts of the plant's bark against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) and Dalton's ascites lymphoma (DAL) in Swiss albino mice. The findings revealed that the extracts not only inhibited tumor growth but also enhanced the lifespan of afflicted mice. Furthermore, the extracts were shown to reduce lipid peroxidation and bolster antioxidant enzyme levels in the liver, indicating a protective mechanism against tumorigenesis. These results underscore the potential of Capparis sepiaria as a natural anti-cancer therapy deserving further research.
Anti-Diabetic and Hepatoprotective Properties
Another crucial aspect of Capparis sepiaria is its anti-diabetic effects. Research on the ethanol extract of its leaves demonstrated significant blood glucose-lowering effects in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, positioning the plant as a potential adjunct therapy to conventional anti-diabetic medications. Moreover, the plant exhibits hepatoprotective properties, with studies indicating that the stem extract can significantly ameliorate liver damage caused by carbon tetrachloride toxicity in albino rats. These hepatoprotective effects, characterized by the normalization of liver enzymes and protein levels, highlight the medicinal value of Capparis sepiaria in managing diabetes and liver diseases.
Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Bacterial Activities
Capparis sepiaria has also shown promise in anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial applications. Experiments with ethanol extracts of the leaves indicated significant anti-inflammatory effects, demonstrated through various models of inflammation in Wistar rats. The extracts were effective in reducing edema and leukocyte recruitment to inflamed tissues, proving their utility in treating inflammatory conditions. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of both the leaves and fruits was tested against several bacterial strains, revealing a concentration-dependent response, thus validating the plant's traditional use in managing infections and skin ailments.
Conclusion
The comprehensive review of Capparis sepiaria reveals a potent medicinal profile that aligns with its historical applications in various traditional medical systems, especially Siddha. With documented pharmacological properties such as anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and antibacterial activities, this plant represents a valuable resource for further scientific exploration. Rigorous research is warranted to formally validate its therapeutic claims and potentially integrate Capparis sepiaria into modern pharmacotherapy, enhancing the scope of natural products in medicine.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the medicinal uses of Capparis sepiaria?
Capparis sepiaria is used for digestive disorders, asthma, skin diseases, and diabetes. It also exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-carcinogenic, anti-bacterial, and anti-tumor activities.
What are the phytochemicals present in Capparis sepiaria?
Phytochemicals include flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, glycosides, tannins, and proteins. These compounds contribute to its medicinal properties.
How does Capparis sepiaria help with diabetes?
The ethanol extract of Capparis sepiaria leaves was found to control diabetes in studies, suggesting its potential as an adjunct therapy.
What are the pharmacological actions of Capparis sepiaria?
Capparis sepiaria exhibits anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, anti-inflammatory, and hepato-protective activities, as demonstrated in various studies.
Where is Capparis sepiaria commonly used outside India?
In countries like Tanzania and Kenya, Capparis sepiaria is used for treating fever, anthrax, and chest pain.
What role does Capparis sepiaria play in Siddha medicine?
In Siddha medicine, Capparis sepiaria, or Sengathari, is used for various ailments, including tuberculosis, arthritis, and cancer.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “A review on medicinal benefits of capparis sepiaria. (l)”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
The term 'Activity' in this context refers to the biological effectiveness of Capparis sepiaria, highlighting its various pharmacological traits such as anti-tumor, anti-diabetic, and antibacterial actions. Understanding these activities is crucial for validating the traditional medicinal claims associated with this plant and exploring potential therapeutic applications.
2) Siddha:
Siddha is one of the traditional systems of medicine in India, particularly prominent in Tamil Nadu. It emphasizes the use of natural herbs and holistic approaches for healing and wellness. Capparis sepiaria is frequently referenced within this framework, showcasing its integration into ancient medical practices.
3) Medicine:
Medicines refer to substances used for treating illnesses. Capparis sepiaria exemplifies herbal medicines and showcases how natural plants contribute to the diverse pool of options available for health care and disease management.
4) India:
India, rich in biodiversity, is home to numerous medicinal plants utilized in traditional systems like Ayurveda and Siddha. The significance of Capparis sepiaria in these systems underlines India's role in providing natural remedies and the cultural heritage surrounding herbal medicine.
5) Study (Studying):
The term 'Study' refers to the scientific investigation of Capparis sepiaria, which is essential for corroborating its medicinal benefits. Rigorous research and reviews contribute to a deeper understanding of the plant's properties and promote evidence-based applications in modern medicine.
6) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial refers to the ability of a substance to inhibit bacterial growth or kill bacteria. The anti-bacterial activity of Capparis sepiaria suggests its potential use as a natural remedy for infectious diseases, showcasing its relevance in contemporary health care and disease prevention.
7) Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in southern India where traditional medicinal practices, including Siddha medicine, are prevalent. The mention of this region demonstrates the local significance of plants like Capparis sepiaria, which are integral to the health and cultural practices of the population.
8) Disease:
Similar to 'Diseases,' the singular term 'Disease' represents specific health conditions impacted by Capparis sepiaria. Identifying and studying diseases treated by this plant can aid in developing targeted therapies and contribute to broader understandings of herbal medicine.
9) Family:
In botanical taxonomy, 'Family' refers to a group of related plant species. Capparis sepiaria belongs to the Capparidaceae family, indicating its shared characteristics and relationships with other plants within this grouping, which can inform its medicinal properties and uses.
10) Cancer:
Cancer refers to a group of diseases characterized by uncontrolled cell growth. The anti-tumor and anti-carcinogenic activities of Capparis sepiaria highlight its potential role in cancer treatment, warranting further investigation in the context of modern oncological therapies.
11) Ulcer:
Ulcers are sores that develop on the lining of the stomach, small intestine, or other areas. The use of Capparis sepiaria in traditional remedies for ulcers demonstrates its relevance in addressing gastrointestinal ailments and highlights the therapeutic potential of herbal medicine.
12) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are naturally occurring compounds in plants known for their beneficial effects on health. The phytochemicals present in Capparis sepiaria contribute to its medicinal properties, making them a focal point for research in developing health-promoting products.
13) Swelling:
Swelling, or inflammation, is a condition often treated with anti-inflammatory agents. Capparis sepiaria's effectiveness in reducing swelling indicates its potential as a natural therapeutic agent in managing inflammation-related issues in various health conditions.
14) Kalpana:
Kalpana likely refers to individuals involved in research concerning Capparis sepiaria, such as authors or investigators. Their contributions help elevate the understanding of traditional herbal medicines and play a significant role in the scientific discourse surrounding this plant.
15) Indian:
The term 'Indian' denotes the geographical and cultural context in which Capparis sepiaria is utilized. This identification emphasizes the country's rich tradition of using indigenous plants in healing practices, which contributes to global knowledge of herbal medicine.
16) Water:
Water is often used in the preparation of herbal extracts, including those from Capparis sepiaria. Its role as a solvent for phytochemicals is critical for understanding how these compounds can be effectively harnessed for medicinal applications.
17) Latta:
Similar to Kalpana, Latha likely refers to a researcher or contributor to the study of Capparis sepiaria. Individual efforts in the scientific examination of this plant help underscore its diverse applications and may lead to advancements in herbal medicine.
18) New Delhi:
New Delhi, as the capital of India, is often a hub for research and policy-making in health and medicine. Its mention highlights the central role of urban centers in disseminating knowledge about traditional medicines like Capparis sepiaria.
19) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals known for their antioxidant properties. The presence of flavonoids in Capparis sepiaria emphasizes its nutritional and therapeutic value, providing a basis for understanding its effectiveness in treating various health conditions.
20) Akattiyar:
Agathiyar refers to a revered sage in Siddha medicine, known for his contributions to herbal pharmacology. His teachings play a crucial role in the understanding and promotion of medicinal plants such as Capparis sepiaria within Siddha traditions.
21) Toxicity:
Toxicity refers to the degree to which a substance can harm humans or animals. Assessing the toxicity of Capparis sepiaria is paramount for establishing safe usage guidelines and ensuring its efficacy as a medicinal herb.
22) Species:
In biological classification, a 'Species' is a specific group of living organisms. Capparis sepiaria is one species among many in the Capparidaceae family, and studying its unique characteristics aids in understanding its medicinal and ecological significance.
23) Powder:
Powder can refer to the processed form of Capparis sepiaria used in various preparations. The use of powder derived from its roots or leaves in traditional remedies highlights its practical applications in folk medicine.
24) Cotton:
Cotton may refer to the cotton-like appearance of specific parts of the Capparis sepiaria plant, or to its use in gauzes or dressings in traditional healing. Its mention illustrates the interconnectivity of agriculture and medicine.
25) Velli:
Velli translates to silver in Tamil, possibly symbolizing the medicinal values associated with Capparis sepiaria. The references in Siddha texts can reflect sacred aspects of the plant within traditional healing practices.
26) Delhi:
Similar to New Delhi, it emphasizes the importance of urban contexts for the proliferation of herbal knowledge and the establishment of research that validates the traditional uses of plants like Capparis sepiaria.
27) Sugar:
Sugar may reference the presence of reducing sugars found in Capparis sepiaria, contributing to its energy-providing capabilities and signifying its potential use in managing conditions like diabetes.
28) Fever:
Fever signifies an increase in body temperature usually due to infection or illness. The historical use of Capparis sepiaria to alleviate fever demonstrates its relevance in traditional treatments for various ailments.
29) Bogar:
Bogar references a notable figure in Siddha literature who authored texts on herbal medicine. His contributions reinforce the cultural and historical context surrounding plants like Capparis sepiaria within traditional practices.
30) Genu:
Genu is likely referencing the characteristics associated with specific species or varieties. Understanding morphologies and properties in Capparis sepiaria is crucial for its classification and application in traditional medicine.
31) Kasu (Kashu):
Kasu signifies medicinal preparations in traditional terminology. The utilization of Capparis sepiaria in kasu formulations illustrates its significance in indigenous therapeutic practices and its myriad applications across health conditions.
32) Venu:
Venu, akin to Kalpana and Latha, likely refers to a researcher involved in the studies surrounding Capparis sepiaria. Their work contributes valuable insights into the plant's medicinal properties and potential health benefits.
33) Snake poison (Snake venom):
Snake venom references the potential therapeutic uses of Capparis sepiaria in mitigating effects from snake bites. Its traditional application as an antidote underscores the need for further research into its efficacy and mechanisms.
34) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of interactions between drugs and biological systems. Investigating the pharmacological profile of Capparis sepiaria enhances our understanding of its therapeutic applications and encourages integration into health care practices.
35) Tuberculosis:
Tuberculosis (TB) is a serious infectious disease characterized by lung infection. The use of Capparis sepiaria in traditional remedies against TB emphasizes the historical relevance of such plants in combating serious health challenges.
36) Inflammation:
Inflammation refers to the body’s response to injury or infection, often characterized by swelling and pain. Capparis sepiaria's anti-inflammatory properties indicate its therapeutic potential in managing inflammatory diseases and related conditions.
37) Cintamani (Cinta-mani, Cimtamani):
Chinthamani references traditional texts and wisdom within Siddha medicine. Such texts guide the understanding and application of medicinal plants like Capparis sepiaria, solidifying the plant's history and relevance in ancient healing practices.
38) Science (Scientific):
Scientific emphasizes the methodical investigation of phenomena through systematic observation and experimentation. Researching Capparis sepiaria using scientific methods brings evidence-based validation to its traditional uses and enhances its acceptability in contemporary medicine.
39) Knowledge:
Knowledge refers to the understanding and insights gained through study and experience. Documenting the medicinal uses of Capparis sepiaria contributes to the broader knowledge base of ethnopharmacology and supports the preservation of traditional medicinal practices.
40) Maharaja (Maha-rajan, Maharajan, Maha-raja):
Maharaja signifies historical rulers who often patronized traditional medicine practices. Their support played a role in preserving ancient medical knowledge, influencing the recognition and application of medicinal plants like Capparis sepiaria throughout history.
41) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language in which many traditional texts, including those on medicinal practices, are written. The use of Sanskrit terms in herbal medicine highlights the historical context and importance of language in preserving herbal knowledge.
42) Samdhiga:
Sandhiga refers to a specific term or concept in traditional medicine, possibly linked to diagnostics or treatment methodologies. Identifying such terms enriches the understanding of how Capparis sepiaria and similar plants are perceived within medicinal frameworks.
43) Marathi:
Marathi is a language spoken in the state of Maharashtra, India. Mentioning Marathi indicates the linguistic diversity and cultural practices associated with the use of Capparis sepiaria across different regions in India.
44) Kannada:
Kannada, the language spoken in Karnataka, reflects the cultural integration of Capparis sepiaria in local medicinal practices. Recognizing diverse languages underlines the importance of regional knowledge systems in the usage of indigenous plants.
45) Tanjore:
Tanjore, a city in Tamil Nadu, is historically significant for its contributions to art and traditional medicine. The mention of Tanjore emphasizes the cultural heritage and historical context surrounding plants like Capparis sepiaria in South India.
46) Chennai:
Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu, serves as a significant urban center for traditional medicine. Its mention highlights the growing interest in herbal remedies and the preservation of practices involving plants like Capparis sepiaria in modern health discussions.
47) Hunting:
Hunting connects to the use of Capparis sepiaria in traditional practices, potentially as a poison for game. This insight into its application reflects the multifaceted uses of the plant beyond medicinal purposes, indicating its historical role in survival.
48) Itching:
Itching signifies discomfort often associated with skin conditions. The reference to Capparis sepiaria as a treatment for itching-related ailments underscores its relevance in managing dermatological issues and highlights its potential applications in skin health.
49) Sagala (Shagala):
Sagala refers to various conditions or ailments that may arise from disturbance in bodily balance. Mention of Capparis sepiaria in treating such issues accentuates the plant's holistic role in traditional health systems.
50) Kshama (Ksama):
Kshama symbolizes forgiveness or patience in Sanskrit; however, in this context, it may represent individuals involved in research or practice concerning Capparis sepiaria, further bridging the study of traditional and modern medicinal knowledge.
51) Anjana (Amjana):
Anjana may reference scholars or practitioners in traditional medicine. Their contributions augment the understanding of plants like Capparis sepiaria and advocate for its inclusion in broader medicinal contexts.
52) Vilasa (Vilapa):
Vilasa translates to splendor or beauty in Sanskrit. In a medicinal context, its mention alongside Capparis sepiaria could reflect the aesthetic and cultural dimensions that influence herbal medicine practices.
53) Aureus:
Aureus refers to the golden aspect of certain compounds, potentially linking to beneficial properties in medicinal applications. It highlights the importance of understanding how Capparis sepiaria and similar plants are formulated for health benefits.
54) Kannan:
Kannan likely refers to a researcher involved in the study of Capparis sepiaria. The inclusion of such individuals emphasizes the collaborative nature of research in validating the traditional uses of this medicinal plant.
55) Edema (Oedema):
Oedema refers to swelling caused by excess fluid trapped in the body’s tissues. Capparis sepiaria's application in treating oedema underscores its anti-inflammatory properties and potential therapeutic value in managing such conditions.
56) Silver:
Silver symbolizes a precious metal associated with value and purity. In the context of Capparis sepiaria, its medicinal use may reflect the plant's cultural significance and its metaphorical representation of healing and wellness.
57) Pattam:
Patham can translate to a verse or foot in poetic contexts. In herbal medicine texts discussing Capparis sepiaria, patham may signify foundational knowledge or classic treatment methodologies grounded in tradition.
58) Gupta:
Gupta might refer to a researcher or contributor to studies on Capparis sepiaria, underscoring the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry into herbal remedies and recognition of individuals dedicated to advancing knowledge in the field.
59) Sayam:
Sayam signifies the evening or nighttime, often associated with specific practices in traditional medicine. Capparis sepiaria's usage during certain times may reflect its application in rituals or treatments aligned with natural rhythms.
60) Ratha:
Ratha translates to chariot in Sanskrit, symbolizing movement and progress. In medicinal literature, this term could represent the journey of knowledge, advocating for the progression and acknowledgment of Capparis sepiaria's benefits in herbal healing.
61) Honey:
Honey is often used in traditional remedies due to its natural sweetness and health benefits. Its mention alongside Capparis sepiaria emphasizes the synergistic use of natural ingredients, enhancing the effectiveness of herbal treatments.
62) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi, a widely spoken language in India, denotes the cultural context of using Capparis sepiaria across diverse populations. This mention illustrates the interconnection between language and health traditions within India's rich medicinal landscape.
63) Field:
Field refers to areas of study or application, such as ethnobotany or pharmacology. The reference to Capparis sepiaria highlights its importance in research fields focusing on integrating traditional knowledge into modern scientific studies.
64) Tamil:
Tamil, the language and culture of Tamil Nadu, is integral to the Siddha tradition where Capparis sepiaria is prevalent. Mentioning Tamil stresses the significance of regional languages in preserving herbal knowledge and practices.
65) Devi:
Devi signifies a deity or goddess, often symbolizing femininity and nurturing. Its mention could hint at the spiritual or cultural importance of plants like Capparis sepiaria in nurturing health and well-being.
66) Vayu:
Vayu stands for wind or air in Sanskrit, often associated with breathing and life force. Its relevance in the context of Capparis sepiaria may relate to treatments aimed at respiratory conditions, highlighting its health contributions.
67) Ayam (Ayaṁ):
Ayam translates to iron or strength in Tamil. Its mention could symbolize the robustness of Capparis sepiaria in treating ailments, indicating its properties related to vitality and resilience in health contexts.
68) Guna:
Guna refers to qualities or attributes. Analyzing the ‘guna’ of Capparis sepiaria involves understanding its properties and effects, essential for traditional medicine that seeks to balance health with natural attributes.
69) Babu:
Babu signifies a title often referring to a learned individual or scholar. Including individuals such as Babu in research on Capparis sepiaria highlights the collaborative efforts in studying traditional medicinal plants and their contributions to health.
70) Tree:
The term 'Tree' signifies the perennial plant form of Capparis sepiaria. Recognizing its growth form establishes its ecological significance and its role in indigenous knowledge systems that harness tree species for medicinal purposes.
71) Pain:
Pain is a critical symptom of various health conditions. The treatment of pain with Capparis sepiaria showcases its relevance within traditional medicine, emphasizing its potential applications for pain relief.
72) Gold (Golden):
Gold represents wealth and value. In the context of Capparis sepiaria, its association with gold may signify the plant's esteem and its precious role in traditional practices for health and wellness.
73) Drug:
Drug signifies any substance used in the diagnosis, treatment, or prevention of a condition. Capparis sepiaria encompasses herbal drugs, highlighting the transition from traditional to contemporary medicine as research validates its efficacy.
74) Life:
Life reflects the essence of health and vitality. The medicinal properties of Capparis sepiaria align with the goals of improving life quality, signifying the holistic aims of traditional practices in supporting overall health.
75) Oil:
Oils derived from Capparis sepiaria are used in traditional remedies for their therapeutic effects. Their mention emphasizes the importance of extracting active compounds for medicinal use, showcasing how natural products play a vital role in healing.