Phytochemical evaluation of Passiflora foetida seed and pulp extracts.
Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Phytochemical evaluation of seed and fruit pulp extracts of passiflora foetida l.
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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P. S. Chinnasamy, S. Parimala and M. Kandhasamy
World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:
(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)
Full text available for: Phytochemical evaluation of seed and fruit pulp extracts of passiflora foetida l.
Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research
Doi: 10.20959/wjpr20187-11770
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Summary of article contents:
Introduction
The study investigates the phytochemical constituents of Passiflora foetida L. (commonly known as wild passion fruit), focusing on the methanolic extracts of its seeds and fruit pulp. Conducted by the researchers from the PG and Research Department of Botany at Government Arts College, Karur, the research seeks to identify bioactive compounds and their potential therapeutic effects. The standard qualitative procedures used for phytochemical screening showed the presence of various secondary metabolites. Additionally, Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis highlighted important compounds in both seed and fruit pulp extracts, revealing their potential applications in pharmaceuticals.
Phytochemical Constituents
The phytochemical analysis of P. foetida extracts confirmed the presence of several secondary metabolites, including alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, phenols, and saponins. Notably, the seed extract exhibited more diversity in phytochemicals than the pulp extract. GC-MS results indicated that 12 and 15 bioactive compounds were found in the seed and pulp extracts, respectively. Major compounds identified in the seed extract included 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, and 9,12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester. In the fruit pulp, Hexadecanoic acid, 15-methyl-, methyl ester, and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural were predominant. Overall, these findings underscore the significance of these constituents in potential therapeutic applications.
Biological Activities of Identified Compounds
The biological activities associated with the identified compounds present in the P. foetida extracts reveal their potential in treating various health issues. For instance, compounds like Furfura are known for their antiseptic and antimicrobial properties, while Hexadecanoic acid and its derivatives exhibit antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Other notable compounds such as 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester, have documented effects in cancer prevention and anti-coronary activities. The study suggests that these phytochemicals could be valuable in developing natural therapeutic agents for diseases ranging from infections to chronic conditions.
Traditional Uses and Health Benefits
Historically, P. foetida has been utilized in traditional medicine for treating several ailments, including insomnia, anxiety, asthma, and biliousness. Local tribes have recognized its significance in managing health through various preparations from different plant parts. The presence of medicinal compounds like alkaloids and flavonoids contributes to these traditional uses, offering antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory benefits. The study’s findings bolster the claim that this plant possesses high therapeutic value, reinforcing its utilization in medicinal applications.
Conclusion
The research reveals that the methanolic extracts of seed and fruit pulp from Passiflora foetida L. are rich in phytochemicals with significant biological activities. The identified compounds not only serve as potential natural remedies for various diseases but also hold promise for the development of pharmaceuticals targeting diverse health issues. The presence of bioactive constituents calls for further investigation into purifying individual compounds to evaluate their specific bioactivities and enhance their therapeutic potential. Overall, P. foetida emerges as a promising candidate for future studies in phytochemistry and medicinal plant research.
FAQ section (important questions/answers):
What are the key phytochemicals found in Passiflora foetida?
Key phytochemicals identified in Passiflora foetida include alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, phenols, and saponins, which contribute to its potential medicinal properties.
What extraction method was used for the plant samples?
Methanol was used for cold extraction of the seed and fruit pulp of Passiflora foetida, with a ratio of 1:6 for 24 hours.
What bioactive compounds were identified through GC-MS analysis?
GC-MS analysis revealed major compounds like 11-Octadecenoic acid and Hexadecanoic acid in seed extracts, while fruit pulp contained 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Levoglucosenone.
What are the potential health benefits of Passiflora foetida?
The extracts exhibit antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer effects, supporting their potential as traditional herbal remedies.
How were the phytochemical constituents qualitatively analyzed?
Qualitative analysis involved standard tests for alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins, and the results were recorded as present or absent.
What further studies are suggested based on the findings?
Further studies are needed to purify individual compounds in the methanolic extract to evaluate their specific bioactivities in detail.
Glossary definitions and references:
Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Phytochemical evaluation of Passiflora foetida seed and pulp extracts.”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.
1) Activity:
Activity in this context refers to the biological effects that various compounds, particularly phytochemicals, have on living organisms. These effects may include antibacterial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties, which are crucial for evaluating the therapeutic potential of the extracts from Passiflora foetida in treating diseases.
2) Phytochemical:
Phytochemicals are natural compounds found in plants that contribute to their health benefits and medicinal properties. In the study, the identification of phytochemicals in the extracts of Passiflora foetida indicates their potential role in promoting human health and providing therapeutic effects against various ailments.
3) Flavonoid:
Flavonoids are a class of phytochemicals recognized for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. Their presence in the seed and pulp extracts of Passiflora foetida supports the evidence of the plant’s health benefits and underscores the potential for developing remedies for various diseases.
4) Table:
Tables in scientific research serve to organize and present data succinctly. In this study, tables summarize findings related to the phytochemical constituents and their biological activities. This structure enhances readability and facilitates comparison among the identified compounds, making the results more accessible to readers.
5) Study (Studying):
This study aims to explore and analyze the phytochemical content in seed and fruit pulp extracts of Passiflora foetida. The findings contribute to the understanding of the medicinal importance of the plant and could inform further research into its potential health benefits and applications in pharmacology.
6) Water:
Water is used as a solvent in the extraction process to prepare the methanolic extracts of Passiflora foetida. Its role is crucial as it aids in dissolving the soluble phytochemicals from the plant material, thereby enabling the researchers to analyze the phytoconstituents effectively.
7) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Antibacterial refers to substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria or kill them. The study highlights the antibacterial activity of certain compounds found in Passiflora foetida, suggesting their potential use in treating bacterial infections and contributing to the development of new antimicrobial agents.
8) Karur:
Karur is a district in Tamil Nadu, India, identified as the location where the Passiflora foetida plant was collected for the study. The geographical origin can influence the phytochemical profile and biological activity of the plant, making it relevant in understanding local medicinal practices.
9) Pesticide:
Pesticides are substances used to prevent, destroy, or control pests that may harm plants or crops. The study suggests that certain phytochemicals identified possess pesticide properties, which indicates the potential utility of Passiflora foetida not only in medicine but also in agriculture.
10) Species:
Species refers to a group of organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring. In this study, Passiflora foetida is identified as a significant species within the Passifloraceae family, known for its medicinal properties, emphasizing the botanical and ecological relevance of the plant.
11) Anxiety:
Anxiety is a psychological condition characterized by feelings of worry and fear. The extracts from Passiflora foetida have been traditionally used to relieve symptoms of anxiety, highlighting the importance of studying its phytochemical constituents for potential therapeutic applications in mental health.
12) Cancer:
Cancer is a group of diseases involving abnormal cell growth with the potential to invade or spread to other parts of the body. The study indicates the presence of phytochemicals in Passiflora foetida that possess anticancer properties, making further exploration relevant in cancer research.
13) Powder:
Powder refers to the form of the crushed seeds and pulp used in the extraction process. Creating a fine powder ensures better solubility and extraction of phytochemicals, which is necessary for accurate analysis and identification of the bioactive compounds present in Passiflora foetida.
14) Botany:
Botany is the scientific study of plants, including their physiology, structure, genetics, ecology, and distribution. This research falls within botany as it investigates the phytochemical constituents of Passiflora foetida, contributing to the broader understanding of plant biology and its applications in medicine.
15) India:
India is the geographical country where the study was conducted, known for its rich biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices. Understanding the uses of local plants like Passiflora foetida enhances knowledge about alternative therapeutic options available in Indian herbal medicine systems.
16) Purification:
Purification refers to the process of isolating specific compounds from extracts to determine their individual biological activities. In the context of this study, purification of phytochemicals is essential for evaluating their efficacy and potential applications in pharmaceuticals and therapeutics.
17) Discussion:
The discussion section of the study synthesizes the findings and interpretations of the results, providing a platform to connect the data with existing literature. It is key for contextualizing the importance of the identified phytochemicals and their implications for future research and applications.
18) Knowledge:
Knowledge encompasses the information and understanding gained through research and experience. This study contributes to the body of knowledge regarding Passiflora foetida, particularly its phytochemicals and their health benefits, which can inform future investigations and other medicinal applications.
19) Container:
A container is used to store the extracted methanolic products securely. Proper storage is crucial to prevent degradation of the phytochemicals, ensuring that they maintain their biological activity for accurate analysis and research purposes in subsequent studies and applications.
20) Fragrance:
Fragrance often refers to pleasant scents produced by certain plant compounds. The study implies that some phytochemicals found in Passiflora foetida may contribute to its aroma, suggesting additional applications in perfumery or flavoring, alongside its medicinal properties.
21) Tamilnadu (Tamil-nadu):
Tamil Nadu is a state in southern India known for its diverse flora and rich cultural heritage, including traditional medicine practices. The study emphasizes the local significance of plants like Passiflora foetida within Tamil Nadu's folk remedies and their potential therapeutic applications.
22) Parimala:
Parimala is one of the authors associated with the research study. Author names lend credibility to the work and can often provide a connection to previous studies, enhancing the impact and understanding of the published findings in the broader scientific community.
23) Hysteria:
Hysteria refers to psychological disorder characterized by exaggerated emotions or behaviors. The traditional use of Passiflora foetida in promoting mental health includes alleviating hysteria symptoms, underscoring the importance of the research in validating historical medicinal practices.
24) Disease:
Disease, singular, emphasizes a specific condition affecting health. The study highlights the role of phytochemicals from Passiflora foetida as potential candidates for preventing or alleviating specific diseases, contributing knowledge in the field of pharmacognosy and therapeutic interventions.
25) Aureus:
Aureus is a reference to Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacteria implicated in various infections. The presence of antibacterial compounds in Passiflora foetida could provide alternative treatment options for infections caused by this pathogen, demonstrating the plant’s medicinal potential.
26) Family:
Family refers to a classification in biological taxonomy; in this case, Passifloraceae. Identifying familial relationships can help understand the characteristics shared by different species, informing research into the medicinal properties of closely related plants and their applications.
27) Hair:
Hair, in this context, might relate to the anatomical features of Passiflora foetida, which are described as having yellowish white hairs on stems. This refers to the physical characteristics of the plant, adding to the morphological description necessary for botanical studies.