Emetic effect of of hijjal (barringtonia acutangula linn) - a drug review

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Journal name: World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Original article title: Emetic effect of of hijjal (barringtonia acutangula linn) - a drug review
The WJPR includes peer-reviewed publications such as scientific research papers, reports, review articles, company news, thesis reports and case studies in areas of Biology, Pharmaceutical industries and Chemical technology while incorporating ancient fields of knowledge such combining Ayurveda with scientific data.
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Author:

Dr. Vinod Kumar, Dr. Manish Pamnani, Prof. Kamini Kaushal, Dr. Ashwini K. Sharma, Dr. Rajesh Chandra Mishra and Dr. Pradeep Soni


World Journal of Pharmaceutical Research:

(An ISO 9001:2015 Certified International Journal)

Full text available for: Emetic effect of of hijjal (barringtonia acutangula linn) - a drug review

Source type: An International Peer Reviewed Journal for Pharmaceutical and Medical and Scientific Research

Doi: 10.20959/wjpr201811-12414


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Summary of article contents:

Introduction

The article focuses on Barringtonia acutangula, a prominent evergreen tree belonging to the Lecythidaceae family, commonly referred to as the Indian Oak. Known for its broad spectrum of medicinal properties, this plant has been utilized traditionally in India, especially by tribal communities, for various health issues including liver disorders, diarrhea, eye diseases, spleen-related disorders, and worm infestations. The plant is recognized for its distinct fruit (referred to as Samudraphal and Dhatriphal) which possesses multiple benefits, including its bitter and acrid taste, astringent properties due to tannins in the bark, and the capacity to induce vomiting.

Medicinal Properties

Barringtonia acutangula is noted for its wide range of medicinal applications. Its fruits, seeds, bark, and leaves are extensively employed in traditional medicine. The fruit's emetic properties make it significant in treating conditions that may require induced vomiting. The bark, rich in tannins and ellagic acid, has astringent effects. Moreover, the plant is effective against various ailments, such as diarrhea and respiratory issues, due to its capacity to purify blood and maintain body hydration. The traditional use of the leaves includes preparing juice that, when mixed with honey, can alleviate diarrhea, showcasing the plant's holistic approach to health.

Pharmacological Actions

The pharmacological aspects of Barringtonia acutangula reinforce its medicinal value, showing effectiveness across multiple health dimensions. It acts as a kapha and pitta suppressant, improving skin conditions and purifying the blood, while its antidiarrheal properties help prevent dehydration. The chemical composition reveals the presence of glucosides, saponins, and tannins, which contribute to its antibacterial, antitumor, and antioxidant activities. These elements are essential for its application in managing skin ailments and supporting overall health maintenance, reflecting the scientific underpinnings of its traditional uses.

Recommendations for Use

The recommended dosages and forms of administration highlight the practical applications of Barringtonia acutangula in herbal medicine. The fruit powder can be administered in small doses for general health benefits or larger amounts to induce vomiting in appropriate conditions. Traditional practices also emphasize the importance of the leaf juice as a remedy for diarrhea, illustrating the plant's successful integration into folk medicine. Such recommendations indicate a well-established understanding of dosage forms among herbal practitioners.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Barringtonia acutangula stands out as a valuable medicinal plant in traditional Ayurvedic medicine, demonstrating a myriad of uses from inducing vomiting to treating digestive issues and skin ailments. The integration of classical knowledge with contemporary pharmacological studies reflects not only the adaptability of traditional medicine but also the need for further research into its medicinal components. This review reinforces the significance of medicinal plants in health management and encourages the continued exploration and validation of their therapeutic potentials in modern medicine.

FAQ section (important questions/answers):

What are Barringtonia acutangula's traditional medicinal uses?

Barringtonia acutangula is traditionally used for liver disorders, diarrhea, eye diseases, spleenic disorders, and worm infestations. Its fruit, known as Samudraphal, is also recognized for its anthelmintic and wound healing properties.

What are the pharmacological activities of Barringtonia acutangula?

Barringtonia acutangula exhibits various pharmacological activities, including antibacterial, antitumor, antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, and anthelmintic effects, making it valuable in traditional and modern medicine.

What part of Barringtonia acutangula is used to induce vomiting?

The seed powder of Barringtonia acutangula is utilized to induce vomiting, particularly in cases involving Kapha disorders. The fresh leaf juice can also aid in treating diarrhea.

What is the botanical classification of Barringtonia acutangula?

Barringtonia acutangula belongs to the kingdom Plantae, division Magnoliophyta, class Magnoliopsida, order Ericales, family Lecythidaceae, genus Barringtonia, and species acutangula, commonly known as Indian oak.

What dosage is recommended for Barringtonia acutangula fruit powder?

The recommended dosage for Barringtonia acutangula fruit powder is 0.5 to 1 gram for general use and 3 to 6 grams for inducing vomiting, while fresh leaf juice should be taken in doses of 10 to 20 ml.

How does Barringtonia acutangula contribute to skin health?

Barringtonia acutangula is effective in treating skin ailments and improving skin complexion, making it beneficial for skin health. It also has properties that purify blood and prevent infections.

Glossary definitions and references:

Scientific and Ayurvedic Glossary list for “Emetic effect of of hijjal (barringtonia acutangula linn) - a drug review”. This list explains important keywords that occur in this article and links it to the glossary for a better understanding of that concept in the context of Ayurveda and other topics.

1) Activity:
Activity refers to the pharmacological effects of Barringtonia acutangula, emphasizing its various actions such as antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and emetic properties. Understanding these activities is crucial for utilizing the plant in traditional medicine, as it provides insight into how it can aid in treating specific conditions and ailments effectively.

2) Dravyaguna (Dravya-guna):
Dravyaguna is a branch of Ayurveda that studies the medicinal properties of substances. It encompasses the examination of various herbs and plants, including Barringtonia acutangula, to understand their therapeutic potentials, qualities, and effects on different bodily doshas, hence guiding effective treatment options in Ayurvedic practice.

3) Udaipur (Udaypur):
Udaipur is a city in India where researchers and practitioners of Ayurveda, such as Dr. Vinod Kumar and colleagues, study medicinal plants like Barringtonia acutangula. Its geographical and ecological context may influence the availability and quality of such plants, making it relevant to regional traditional medicine practices.

4) Katu:
Katu refers to the taste 'pungent' in Ayurveda. Barringtonia acutangula has properties associated with the Katu taste, which is believed to have stimulating effects on digestion and can aid in relieving certain conditions. It highlights the importance of flavors in determining a plant's therapeutic applications.

5) Disease:
Diseases are medical conditions requiring treatment. The plant Barringtonia acutangula is noted for its various therapeutic applications, employed traditionally to address a range of diseases, thus emphasizing the significant role of herbal medicine in managing health issues in the community.

6) Table:
Table formats are often used in scientific literature to present data concisely. The tables in this article classify the medicinal properties, taxonomy, and various effects of Barringtonia acutangula, allowing readers to quickly reference and understand the pertinent information about this medicinal plant.

7) Tree:
A tree is a perennial plant with an elongated stem. Barringtonia acutangula, being an evergreen tree, serves as a rich source of medicinal properties. Its morphological traits and ecological presence contribute significantly to its utilization in traditional medicine across various cultures, particularly in India.

8) Vomiting:
Vomiting is the act of expelling contents from the stomach. Barringtonia acutangula's use as an emetic illustrates its traditional role in treating conditions characterized by excess doshas. Understanding such roles provides insights into how this plant is integrated into Ayurvedic detoxification and cleansing practices.

9) Nighantu (Nighamtu):
Nighantu refers to a glossary or dictionary in Ayurveda that categorizes plants, their properties, and therapeutic uses. As a traditional text, it serves as a crucial resource in documenting the medicinal potential of Barringtonia acutangula and guiding practitioners in its application in treatment.

10) Medicine:
Medicine encompasses practices aimed at maintaining and restoring health. Barringtonia acutangula exemplifies the intersection of nature and healthcare, showcasing how traditional knowledge integrates plants into medical practices, particularly in Ayurveda, to treat various ailments and promote well-being.

11) Family:
Family in botanical terms denotes the classification of plants sharing common characteristics. Barringtonia acutangula belongs to the Lecythidaceae family, a classification that aids in understanding its ecological relationships and potential medicinal properties shared with its taxonomic relatives.

12) Bitter:
Bitter is one of the six tastes in Ayurveda, associated with detoxifying and digestive properties. The bitter taste of Barringtonia acutangula contributes to its therapeutic uses, indicating its effectiveness in treating conditions like dysentery and helping to balance body doshas.

13) Powder:
Powder refers to the processed form of herbs or roots that enhances their bioavailability. The powdered form of Barringtonia acutangula is utilized in medicinal preparations, facilitating its traditional use in inducing vomiting and treating various health disorders in Ayurvedic medicine.

14) Indian:
Indian denotes the geographical and cultural context of medicinal practices. Barringtonia acutangula serves as a part of India’s rich herbal heritage, reflecting the country's long-standing traditions of using indigenous plants for health and well-being in Ayurvedic systems.

15) Laghu:
Laghu, meaning 'light' in Ayurveda, describes properties of substances that are easy to digest and have a calming effect on the body. Barringtonia acutangula is classified as Laghu, indicating its role in digestive health and its suitability for various treatments.

16) Ushna (Usna):
Ushna refers to 'hot' in Ayurvedic terminology. Barringtonia acutangula possesses Ushna properties, which entail stimulating effects that can benefit specific ailments, especially in balancing Kapha and Vata doshas, thereby highlighting the plant's holistic application in treatment strategies.

17) Blood:
Blood is vital for maintaining life and health, transporting nutrients and oxygen. The blood-purifying properties of Barringtonia acutangula establish its role in traditional medicine, supporting detoxification and enhancing overall health, making it valuable in Ayurvedic treatments.

18) Vata:
Vata, one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, represents air and ether elements. Barringtonia acutangula helps pacify Vata, showcasing its therapeutic efficacy in balancing bodily energies and treating conditions related to the Vata imbalance.

19) Antibiotic (Antibacterial):
Anti-bacterial refers to the properties that prevent bacterial growth. Barringtonia acutangula's recognized anti-bacterial activities underline its therapeutic significance in traditional medicine, aiding in the treatment of infections and promoting holistic health.

20) Samudraphala:
Samudra-phala is another name for Barringtonia acutangula, reflecting its regional adaptations in nomenclature. This term emphasizes the cultural significance of the plant in local herbal medicine traditions, connecting people to their natural resources.

21) Sanskrit:
Sanskrit is an ancient language and a scholarly language in Indian culture. It is essential for understanding Ayurvedic texts and terminology, such as the nomenclature and classifications relevant to plants like Barringtonia acutangula, as many traditional references are recorded in this language.

22) Species:
Species signifies a group of plants sharing common characteristics. Barringtonia acutangula represents a unique species within its genus, contributing to biodiversity and aiding in understanding its specific medicinal traits when contrasted with other species in the Lecythidaceae family.

23) Ruksha (Ruksa):
Ruksha translates to 'dry' in Ayurveda, indicating properties that can absorb moisture. Barringtonia acutangula exhibits Ruksha characteristics, which can be beneficial in treatment, particularly for conditions associated with excess moisture or dampness in the body.

24) Pitta:
Pitta is one of the three doshas in Ayurveda, representing heat and transformation. Barringtonia acutangula's therapeutic roles often involve pacifying excessive Pitta, thereby helping in maintaining balance and promoting health through traditional herbal remedies.

25) Virya:
Virya denotes the potency or strength of a medicinal substance in Ayurveda. Understanding the Virya of Barringtonia acutangula allows practitioners to assess its effects on different doshas and tailor treatment protocols effectively based on this knowledge.

26) India:
India is a region rich in biodiversity and traditional medicinal practices. Barringtonia acutangula, being native to this country, highlights the integration of its indigenous plants into wellness practices, reflecting India's deep-rooted connection to herbal medicine.

27) Kumar:
Kumar, in this context, refers to one of the authors, Dr. Vinod Kumar. His research and contributions are crucial in expanding knowledge concerning the medicinal properties and traditional uses of Barringtonia acutangula, esteemed within Ayurvedic studies and healthcare.

28) Fever:
Fever is a common medical condition that indicates an illness. Barringtonia acutangula’s traditional applications in fever management underscore its relevance as an herbal remedy, demonstrating how herbal treatments are employed to alleviate febrile conditions.

29) Acrid:
Acrid refers to a sharp, biting taste. Barringtonia acutangula exhibits acrid properties, which indicate its effectiveness in stimulating digestion and clearing mucus, thus holding significance in treating conditions related to respiratory and digestive health in Ayurvedic practices.

30) Rasa (Rasha):
Rasa represents 'taste' in Ayurveda, playing a key role in determining therapeutic effects. Barringtonia acutangula's classification by Rasa, such as bitter and acrid, indicates how these tastes influence its medicinal applications and interactions with doshas.

31) Ritu (Rtu):
Ritu denotes seasons in Ayurveda, which influence herbal usage and healing approaches. Barringtonia acutangula's efficacy may vary with different Ritus, indicating the importance of timing in herbal treatments to align with seasonal health needs.

32) Guna:
Guna refers to quality or attribute. The Gunas of Barringtonia acutangula identify its medicinal character, informing practitioners about its effects on the body, being critical in formulating treatment strategies rooted in Ayurvedic philosophy and practice.

33) Gana:
Gana signifies a group or classification in traditional texts. The categorization of Barringtonia acutangula under various Ganas illustrates its placement within Ayurvedic herbology, guiding practitioners in understanding its use alongside other similar medicinal plants.

34) Worm:
Worms refer to parasitic organisms treated using herbal remedies. Barringtonia acutangula’s traditional uses as an anti-helmintic highlight its historical significance in managing intestinal health, reinforcing its effectiveness in addressing parasitic infections.

35) Life:
Life represents the holistic concept central to Ayurveda, encompassing physical, mental, and spiritual well-being. Barringtonia acutangula embodies the connection between nature and health, illustrating how traditional herbal practices contribute to overall life quality and balance.

36) Bhavaprakashanighantu (Bhavaprakasanighantu, Bhavaprakasha-nighantu):
Bhavaprakasha-nighantu is a classical Ayurvedic text that catalogs medicinal plants. The inclusion of Barringtonia acutangula in this text highlights its recognized value and the historical context of its use, essential for understanding traditional medicine principles.

37) Pharmacological:
Pharmacological relates to the study of drug actions and effects. Research into Barringtonia acutangula’s pharmacological properties enriches the understanding of its potential applications, showcasing the intersection of traditional knowledge and modern scientific inquiry.

38) Pharmacology:
Pharmacology is the study of drugs and their effects on biological systems. Analyzing Barringtonia acutangula within this framework sheds light on its clinical applications, enhancing the integration of traditional herbs into modern therapeutic contexts.

39) Vamanopaga (Vamana-upaga):
Vamanopaga refers to substances that help induce vomiting. Barringtonia acutangula serves this purpose in Ayurvedic practices, showcasing its traditional uses in purging the body of unwanted toxins and reinforcing ideas of health through cleansing.

40) Rakshoghna (Raksoghna, Rakshas-ghna):
Rakshoghna signifies the property of protection against diseases. The protective qualities of Barringtonia acutangula establish its relevance in herbal medicine for promoting resilience against infections and supporting overall health.

41) Ayurveda (Ayus-veda):
Ayurveda is the ancient Indian system of medicine focusing on holistic health and well-being. The study and use of Barringtonia acutangula within Ayurveda exemplify how traditional practices prioritize natural remedies in treating ailments and promoting health.

42) Samgrahin (Sangrahi, Samgrahi):
Sangrahi denotes the property of assimilation or absorption. Barringtonia acutangula's Sangrahi properties enhance its effectiveness in digestion and nutrient absorption, showcasing its role in improving overall health and vitality in Ayurvedic practices.

43) Vitiation (Vitiated):
Vitiated reflects conditions where doshas are imbalanced, leading to health issues. The application of Barringtonia acutangula in treating vitiated conditions emphasizes its role in restoring balance and promoting healing within the body’s systems.

44) Kaphaja:
Kaphaja refers to disorders caused by an imbalance in the Kapha dosha. Barringtonia acutangula’s traditional use for Kaphaja diseases highlights its therapeutic applications targeting specific dosha-related health issues.

45) Samudra:
Samudra translates to 'ocean' in Sanskrit, linking to the vernacular name Samudraphala for Barringtonia acutangula. This connection to water highlights the plant's ecological environment and its significance in local traditions.

46) Konkani (Komkani):
Konkani refers to the language and culture of a region in India where Barringtonia acutangula may be used in traditional contexts. The local names signify the plant's integration into the cultural practices and its accessibility in herbal healthcare.

47) Marathi:
Marathi is related to the language spoken in Maharashtra, India, where Barringtonia acutangula might also be recognized for its medicinal value. Language diversity reflects the regional adaptations of herbal practices within Ayurvedic traditions.

48) Chandra:
Chandra is a name referring to one of the contributing authors, Dr. Rajesh Chandra Mishra. His involvement in researching Barringtonia acutangula underscores the collaborative nature of scientific inquiry in understanding traditional medicinal knowledge.

49) Bengali:
Bengali refers to the language and cultural context in West Bengal, India, where Barringtonia acutangula might be known under various names. Acknowledging linguistic diversity enhances the understanding of traditional uses across different cultures.

50) Tikshna (Tiksna):
Tikshna means 'sharp' or 'keen' in Ayurvedic terms, describing the potency of certain herbs. Barringtonia acutangula is acknowledged for its Tikshna properties, particularly in promoting digestive health and detoxifying the body.

51) Sharada (Sara-da, Sarada):
Sharada denotes the autumn season in Sanskrit, which is significant in Ayurveda for identifying optimal times for harvesting and using medicinal herbs. Recognizing Sharada's influence helps practitioners in timing treatments involving Barringtonia acutangula effectively.

52) Science (Scientific):
Science represents systematic study, including the examination of herbal plants like Barringtonia acutangula. Bridging traditional knowledge with scientific research enhances the understanding of its efficacy, safety, and overall contribution to healthcare.

53) Mishra (Misra):
Mishra refers to Dr. Rajesh Chandra Mishra, one of the authors of the study. His contributions play a key role in advancing knowledge of Barringtonia acutangula, representing collaboration in herbal medicine research and scholarship.

54) Kamini:
Kamini refers to Prof. Kamini Kaushal, a contributing author in the research. Her involvement emphasizes the academic partnership in exploring and validating the traditional uses of Barringtonia acutangula through scholarly work.

55) Shrava (Srava):
Shrava indicates hearing or listening within the context of Ayurvedic texts and traditions. The relevance of Shrava relates to the transmission of knowledge concerning the uses of Barringtonia acutangula within communities and among practitioners.

56) Grishma (Grisma):
Grisma is the summer season in Ayurveda, which affects the availability and effectiveness of certain medicinal plants. The timing of using Barringtonia acutangula during Grisma may influence its therapeutic properties and efficacy in treating heat-related conditions.

57) Sharman (Sarma, Sarman, Sharma):
Sharma refers to Dr. Ashwini K. Sharma, one of the researchers contributing to the study. His involvement aids in uncovering the medicinal properties of Barringtonia acutangula, amplifying collaborative efforts in herbal research.

58) Animal:
Animal refers to non-human organisms often used in studies to evaluate the effects of medicinal plants. Research on Barringtonia acutangula's effects in animal models aids in confirming its therapeutic potentials and translating traditional uses into scientifically validated practices.

59) Phala:
Phala means 'fruit' in Sanskrit, referring to the mature reproductive body of the plant. Barringtonia acutangula's fruit is central to its medicinal use, exemplifying its properties and applications in traditional health practices.

60) Dosha (Dosa):
Dosha signifies the three biological energies in Ayurveda – Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. The understanding of how Barringtonia acutangula interacts with these doshas is essential for determining its efficacy and suitability in various treatments relating to health imbalances.

61) Kapha:
Kapha is one of the three doshas representing stability and structure. Barringtonia acutangula’s ability to balance Kapha indicates its importance in treating conditions characterized by excess Kapha, underscoring its usefulness in herbal medicine.

62) Madhu:
Madhu means 'honey' in Sanskrit, often referenced in Ayurvedic texts for its health benefits. Combining Barringtonia acutangula with Madhu may enhance its therapeutic effects, highlighting the synergetic relationship between various elements in traditional medicine.

63) Karma (Karman):
Karma denotes actions and their consequences in the Ayurvedic context, often relating to the body’s response to treatments. Understanding the Karma of Barringtonia acutangula helps practitioners recognize its impact on health, guiding effective herbal remedies.

64) Tikta:
Tikta refers to the 'bitter' taste in Ayurveda, significant in stimulating digestion and detoxification. Barringtonia acutangula’s Tikta properties emphasize its effectiveness in managing heat conditions and enhancing overall health.

65) Varga:
Varga refers to the grouping or classification of medicinal herbs based on their properties and uses. The inclusion of Barringtonia acutangula in various Varga reflects its categorization for therapeutic applications within Ayurvedic practices.

66) Water:
Water is essential for all life forms and plays a major role in Ayurveda. Barringtonia acutangula's ecological requirements for water underline its sustainability and the importance of conservation in maintaining medicinal plant resources.

67) Hindi (Himdi):
Hindi is a predominant language in India, often used to discuss traditional medicine. Recognizing Barringtonia acutangula in Hindi enhances accessibility for practitioners and patients, bridging cultural contexts in herbal healing practices.

68) Tamil:
Tamil is a classical language used in Southern India. References to Barringtonia acutangula in Tamil signify the plant’s significance in local medicinal practices, highlighting the diversity of herbal knowledge across various linguistic regions.

69) Picu:
Pichu refers to a vernacular name for Barringtonia acutangula in certain regions. Acknowledging local names enriches the understanding of traditional uses, illustrating how cultural context shapes the application of medicinal plants.

70) Genu:
Genu refers to a bend or angle, often used metaphorically in Ayurvedic texts. In the context of medicinal discussions involving Barringtonia acutangula, it relates to understanding interactions and applicable healing methods based on anatomical concepts.

71) Bile:
Bile is a digestive fluid produced by the liver, essential for fat digestion. Barringtonia acutangula's properties may aid in regulating biliary function, demonstrating its applications in digestive health within traditional medicinal systems.

72) Pita:
Pita refers to the digestive fire in Ayurveda responsible for transformation in the body. The properties of Barringtonia acutangula enhance digestive functions, making it significant in maintaining the balance of Pita for overall health.

73) Food:
Food represents the sustenance that supports health and wellness. Barringtonia acutangula's integration into dietary practices exemplifies how medicinal plants enhance nutritional values and their roles in diverse culinary traditions.

74) Pain:
Pain signifies discomfort that adversely affects well-being. Barringtonia acutangula is traditionally known for its analgesic properties, providing significant support in herbal medicine for managing pain and promoting relief in various conditions.

75) Drug:
Drug refers to any substance used in the prevention or treatment of disease. Barringtonia acutangula is recognized as a natural drug within Ayurvedic systems, emphasizing its significance in the broader scope of herbal therapeutics.

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